Hot Earth and Layers
Continental Drift
Plate Tectonics
Lithosphere & Hazards
Plates & Boudaries
100
Heat causes material to rise because of density differences. As this heat rises it moves in a circular motion inside the mantle (mesosphere and asthenosphere).
What is convection currents?
100
Evidence of these indicated to Alfred Wegener that the continent of Anarctica was at a more tropical latitude some time in the past.
What are tropical plant and animal fossils?
100
hot spots, earthquakes and volcanoes, magnetic striping of seafloor, mid-ocean ridges, oceanic trenches
What is evidence for Plate Tectonics.
100
Nazca plate and much of the Pacific Plate are made up of basalt and gabbro.
What is the type of rock makes up of ocean crust?
100
The plate that creates volcanoes in the Cascade Range in Oregon and Washington.
What is the Juan De Fuca Plate?
200
This causes material to rise and move in a circular motion called a convection current.
What is heat?
200
Alfred Wegener's theory was not accepted in his day. This was because he could not explain this.
What is the mechanism that caused the plates to move?
200
Scientists use these to infer where plate boundaries exist.
What is earthquakes and volcanoes?
200
Movement of the convection currents create movement and slippage or breaking of the lithosphere. Volcanoes take heat from within the Earth and bring it to the surface.
How earthquakes and volcanoes transfer energy?
200
Boundary where continental crust is thinned and forms a valley while new crust is created.
What is a continental-continental divergent boundary?
300
The boundaries between different internal layers of the Earth are know because these become absorbed or refracted.
What are body waves (P & S waves)?
300
Plant and animal fossils, coal belts, fossilized corals, matching mountain ranges, geometric fit of the continents, glacial scaring
What is evidence for Continental Drift Theory.
300
Switching polarity is seen in mirror or symmetrical patterns moving away from the mid-ocean ridge.
What is magnetic striping of the seafloor?
300
Sandy soils near high water tables begin to act like quick sand during an earthquake.
What is soil liquefaction?
300
No volcanoes form at this boundary.
What is a transform boundary (or a continental-continental convergent boundary).
400
The Earth's core is thousands of degrees HOT! The Earth is not heating up nor is it cooling. These two things prevent that.
What is nuclear (radioactive) decay and heat of formation?
400
Land bridge crossings and animals that were strong swimmers
What is how people thought same animal fossils came to be on different continents?
400
This leaves a trail of inactive volcanoes in its wake as the overlying plate moves.
What is a hot spot?
400
Earthquake hazard that is most damaging to property in more advanced countries.
What is fire?
400
Two boundary types where oceanic trenches and volcanic arcs form.
What are oceanic-oceanic convergent and oceanic-continental convergent boundaries?
500
The Earth is made up of layers. We name them for two different reasons: Their chemical make up (what they are made up of) and their behavior (how they move, break, or state of matter). The first category is listed with their chemical make up while the second category listed by physical characteristics.
What is crust, mantle, core and lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, inner core?
500
magnetic striping of the seafloor and mid-ocean ridges
What are things not discovered by Alfred Wegener, or discoveries that lead to a re-eval of Continental Drift Theory.
500
Where a mantle plume reaches the lithosphere a shield volcano is created at this location.
What is a hot spot?
500
Hot ash and deadly gasses move quickly downslope in a dense cloud that displaces normal air. This can sometimes be very hot.
What is a pyroclastic flow?
500
Two ways in which hot spots help tell us the direction and speed of the plate it sits on.
What is the direction the island chains are formed in and the age of the rocks at the hot spot and moving away from?
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