Earth's Layers
Living organisms are found on what layer of Earth?
The crust
WHEEL OF FORTUNE!
Which statement best describes what has happened to Earth’s crust overtime?
A. The crust has cooled to form solid nickel and iron.
B. The crust has changed position because of Earth’s magnetic field.
C. The crust has been broken into pieces that move over molten rock.
D. The crust has heated up because of its position near the Earth’s molten inner core.
C. The crust has been broken into pieces that move over molten rock.
Molten material that reaches the surface is called...
Lava
What can earthquakes do to the Earth's crust (not above the surface, but the actual rock layer)?
Deformation, fissures, faults, soil liquefication, land/rock slides, etc.
Volcanoes that are NOT found at plate boundaries occur in the middle of plates in areas called ___________.
Hot spots
Which layer of Earth is the most dense?
Inner core
Which type of boundary is characterized by plates sliding past each other?
Transform boundary
Explain why shield volcanoes have gentle slopes.
They erupt with thin, runny lava.
WHEEL OF FORTUNE!
Earthquakes under water can cause what?
Tsunamis
Why does the inner core of Earth remain solid even though it is very hot?
A. The Coriolis effect creates a centralized gravitational spin at Earth's core.
B. The pressure is so great at the inner core that it causes atoms to push together.
C. The inner core is not as hot as the outer core.
D. The inner core is made of the same material as the mantle.
B. The pressure is so great at the inner core that it causes atoms to push together.
WHEEL OF FORTUNE!
Which description is most accurate about the composition of Earth?
A. Earth is composed of only one type of material.
B. Earth is composed of both gases and liquid materials.
C. Earth is composed of only gases and solid materials.
D. Earth is composed of both liquid and solid materials.
D. Earth is composed of both liquid and solid materials.
What is the primary cause of tectonic plate movement?
Convection currents in the mantle
WHEEL OF FORTUNE!
Tall, explosive cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash are what type of volcano?
Composite volcano
What is the epicenter of an earthquake?
The point on the surface directly above the focus.
Which data have been most useful to scientists for defining properties of Earth’s layers?
A. light waves
B. seismic waves
C. satellite images
D. sea surface temperatures
B. seismic waves
Which choice describes the layer of Earth just below the crust?
A. molten metal
B. solid rock
C. molten rock
D. solid metal
C. molten rock
WHEEL OF FORTUNE!
What geological feature is commonly formed at a divergent plate boundary with oceanic and oceanic crust?
a. Volcanic arc
b. Mid-ocean ridge
c. Rift valley
d. Ocean trench
d. Ocean trench
WHEEL OF FORTUNE!
Where does volcanic activity occur on the ocean floor?
A. on continental slopes
B. along rift zones in mid-ocean ridges
C. on continental shelves
D. in the trenches when sediment moves
B. along rift zones in mid-ocean ridges
WHEEL OF FORTUNE!
The measurable amount of energy released in an earthquake is called its...
magnitude
What happens when two plates of different densities collide?
A. The more dense plate breaks.
B. The plate that is less dense breaks.
C. The plate that is less dense subducts.
D. The more dense plate subducts.
D. The more dense plate subducts.
WHEEL OF FORTUNE!
Two layers work together to create an invisible magnetic field around Earth. Which two layers are being described?
Outer core, inner core
Three geographic and scientific observations are listed below.
I. The continents fit together like a puzzle
II. Similar animal and plant fossils are found on separate continents.
III. Similar meteorites found on different continents.
Which of these observations support the theory of continental drift?
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. I and III only
D. I, II, and III
B. I and II only
The volcanoes form when the ___________ plate moves under the ___________ plate at a ___________ boundary.
Oceanic, continental, convergent
What type of plate boundary produces the biggest earthquakes?
Convergent boundaries (subduction)
WHEEL OF FORTUNE!
What is Pangea? Who proposed this idea?
Pangaea was a supercontinent that existed 250 million years ago, encompassing all of Earth's landmasses, which then broke apart into the continents we know today due to plate tectonics. This idea was proposed by Alfred Wegner.