Rocks
What are the three types of rocks?
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
What property describes how a mineral breaks?
Cleavage/fracture
NOT hardness
How can you use the igneous chart to remember the difference between extrusive and intrusive?
Extrusive says volcanoes, which happen at the surface.
What is the size of a "coarse" crystal?
1 mm to 10 mm
All of the processes that change one type of rock into another.
The rock cycle
Rocks formed from solidification of magma or lava.
Igneous
List the hardness of the following tools:
Fingernail
Glass Plate
Penny
Steel Nail
Fingernail -- 2.5
Glass Plate -- 5.5
Penny -- 3.5
Steel Nail -- 6.5
How can you use the metamorphic chart to remember the difference between contact and regional metamorphism?
Under "Regional" it states "heat and pressure increases."
Under "Contact" it states just "heat"
An igneous rock composed entirely of olivine would be called
dunite
Molten rock inside the Earth's crust is called
magma
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Compaction and cementation of sediments
Why can some minerals be different colors?
White/colorless crystals mean impurities are more visible
What is the difference between bituminous coal and anthracite coal?
Bituminous coal is sedimentary
Anthracite coal is metamorphic
A sediment with a diameter of .008 cm would be called...
sand
What does it mean for a sedimentary rock to have "bio" in its texture?
(Ex: Clastic vs. Bioclastic, or Crystalline vs. Biocrystalline)
It is made of organic materials.
How are "precipitate" sedimentary rocks formed?
They are left behind when water evaporates
What is specific gravity?
a ratio of the density of the object to the density of water
Which rocks on the sedimentary and metamorphic charts are best identified using the pictures?
None of them. These are for use on maps.
Which mineral has a composition of (Na,Ca)AlSi3O8
Plagioclase Feldspar
What is the difference between a "banded" foliated rock and a "regular" foliated rock?
Banded rocks are separated into light and dark layers
FINAL JEOPARDY
List two locations in New York State with bedrock containing shales AND rock gypsum.
What gives a mineral its physical properties?
The arrangement of its atoms
How can you use the igneous rock chart to remember the chemical composition of felsic rocks?
Underneath felsic is listed "rich in Al, Si". Go to the minerals chart and at the bottom find that Al stands for aluminum and Si stands for silicon
A mafic igneous rock undergoes metamorphism and becomes a new type of rock. What rock is it most likely to turn into?
Hornfels OR gneiss
How is a foliated metamorphic rock different than a sedimentary rock with layers?
Foliated layers are distorted. Sedimentary layers are flat.