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Earthquake Anatomy
Measuring Earthquakes
Earthquake Extra
100

The crack in the earth's crust where stress is suddenly released causing an earthquake.

What is a fault?

100

These seismic waves can travel through all of the earth's layers.

What are P-waves (Primary waves)?

100
Where rocks first begin to move in an earthquake.
What is the focus?
100
This is the nick-name given to the scale used to measure an Earthquake's magnitude.
What is the Richter Scale?
100
Earthquakes are caused when too much of this has built up in rocks and they can no longer handle it.
What is stress?
200

Earthquakes occur along a fault in this layer of the earth.

What is the Lithosphere (Crust)?

200

These seismic waves cannot travel through the liquid outer core of the earth.

What are S-waves (Secondary waves)?

200
The name of the location directly above the focus.
What is the epicenter?
200

This instrument constantly records ground movement in the earth.

What is a seismograph?

200
A wall of water created when an earthquake occurs in the ocean floor.
What is a Tsunami?
300

The boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving toward each other often locations of subduction and mountain building

What is a convergent boundary?

300

These seismic waves usually cause the most damage.

What are surface waves?

300
Most earthquakes occur along these areas because their slow movement causes large amounts of stress to build up over time.
What are plate boundaries?
300
The minimum number of stations needed to locate an earthquake's epicenter.
What is 3?
300
Most injuries and deaths from an earthquake occur due to the collapsing of these structures.
What are buildings?
400

The boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other

What is a divergent boundary?

400

a series of low-frequency shock waves, somewhat like sound waves, traveling through the earth

What are earthquakes?

400
During an earthquake, the most damage occurs here.
What is at the epicenter?
400
A seismic center closest to this location will detect seismic waves first.
What is the epicenter?
400
The process in which shaking of the ground caused by an earthquake causes soil to temporarily become a liquid.
What is liquefaction?
500
The direction(s) that seismic waves travel when an earthquake occurs.
What is in all directions?
500

The stress force that acts to squeeze or crush an object or substance when two plates push together

What is compression?

500

What does a seismograph record?

What is the ground movements caused by seismic waves?

500

The 2 locations where the most powerful earthquakes in recorded history have occurred.

What are Chile and Alaska?

600

Forces or stresses that act to squeeze or crush an object or substance

What is compression?

600

The stress force that acts to pull on the crust where two plates are moving apart is called

What is tension?

600

A measure of the earthquakes energy

What is the magnitude?

700

forces or stresses that act to pull an object or substance apart

What is tension?

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