Stress & Strain
total force acting on rocks
stress
Partly horizontal and partly vertical fault where rocks are being stretched
normal fault
waves that pass through the interior of Earth
Body waves
the point of failure where waves originate (below surface)
focus
energy released during an earthquake
magnitude
deformation of materials in response
strain
forms as a result of horizontal and vertical compression that squeezes rock
reverse fault
squeeze and push rocks in the direction of movement and are the fastest waves
p-waves
the point on Earth's surface directly above the origin of the earthquake
epicenter
height of the largest seismic waves
stress that decreases the volume of a material
compression
causes horizontal shear in horizontal and opposite directions
strike-slip fault
cause perpendicular motion to direction of movement and are 2nd waves to reach the seismometer
s-waves
p-waves
Numerical rating system that measures the magnitude and amplitude
richter scale
stress that pulls a material apart
tension
surface in which movement takes place
fault plane
have complex up and down and side-to-side motion
love waves
seismic waves that only go through solids
s-waves
measures the size of the fault rupture, amount of movements, and the rocks stiffness
moment magnitude scale
stress that causes a material to twist
shear
line that the fault plant makes on the surface
fault trace
cause circular or elliptical movement
rayleigh waves
waves that move along the surface
surface waves
Rates the types of damage and other effects of an earthquake as noted by observers during and after its occurrence
modified mercalli scale