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Earthquake Anatomy
Measuring Earthquakes
Earthquake Symptoms
100
The crack in the earth's crust where stress is suddenly released causing an earthquake.
What is a fault?
100
These seismic waves can travel through all of the earth's layers.
What are P-waves (Primary waves)?
100
Where rocks first begin to move in an earthquake.
What is the focus?
100
This is the nick-name given to the scale used to measure an Earthquake's magnitude.
What is the Richter Scale?
100
Earthquakes are caused when too much of this has built up in rocks and they can no longer handle it.
What is stress?
200
At this type of fault, tectonic plates scrape past each other at a transform boundary.
What is a strike-slip fault
200
These seismic waves cannot travel through the liquid outer core of the earth.
What are S-waves (Secondary waves)?
200
The name of the location directly above the focus.
What is the epicenter?
200

This instrument constantly records ground movement in the earth.

What is a seismometer?

200
A wall of water created when an earthquake occurs in the ocean floor.
What is a Tsunami?
300
Earthquakes occur along a fault in this layer of the earth.
What is the Lithosphere (Crust)?
300
These seismic waves usually cause the most damage.
What are surface waves?
300
Most earthquakes occur along these areas because their slow movement causes large amounts of stress to build up over time.
What are plate boundaries?
300
The minimum number of stations needed to locate an earthquake's epicenter.
What is 3?
300
Most injuries and deaths from an earthquake occur due to the collapsing of these structures.
What are buildings?
400
This type of fault is found where rocks are pulling apart resulting in one block of rock sliding downward in relation to the other.
What is a Normal Fault?
400

a series of low-frequency shock waves, somewhat like sound waves, traveling through the earth

What are earthquakes?

400
During an earthquake, the most damage occurs here.
What is at the epicenter?
400
A seismic center closest to this location will detect seismic waves first.
What is the epicenter?
400
The process in which shaking of the ground caused by an earthquake causes soil to temporarily become a liquid.
What is liquefaction?
500
At this type of fault, one block of rock slides upwards in relation to the other one as a result of them being pushed together.
What is a Reverse Fault?
500
The direction(s) that seismic waves travel when an earthquake occurs.
What is in all directions?
500
An area that has produced earthquakes in the past but is quiet now.
What is a seismic gap?
500
The true name of the current scale used to measure earthquakes.
What is the Moment Magnitude Scale?
500
The 2 locations where the most powerful earthquakes in recorded history have occurred.
What are Chile and Alaska?
600

The margin between two tectonic plates that are moving toward each other often locations of subduction and mountain building

What is a convergent boundary?

600

Forces or stresses that act to squeeze or crush an object or substance

What is compression?

600

The angle of slope of a fault face or stratum, measured from the horizontal plane to the fault or stratum surface.

What is the Dip?

600

a measure of the damage an earthquake causes using the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale.

What is intensity?

600

any change in the shape of a solid due to stresses exerted on the material

What is the strain?

700

The margin between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other

What is a divergent boundary?

700

forces or stresses that act to pull an object or substance apart

What is tension?

700

The compass direction of an imaginary line drawn horizontally on the surface of a fault face or rock stratum; helps indicate the orientation of the fault or stratum at a given location

What is the strike?

700

A measure of the earthquake's energy

What is the magnitude?

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