Processes
What are the three types of tectonic plate boundaries?
Convergent, Divergent and Transform.
What earthquake resulted in more deaths; Canterbury 2010 (M 7.2) or Canterbury 2011 (M 6.2)?
Canterbury 2011 (M 6.2) 185 deaths.
What process causes wet, sandy, and silty soils to behave more like a liquid than a solid during strong earthquake shaking?
Liquefaction
What New Zealand earthquake resulted in the largest amount of deaths?
Hawkes Bay Earthquake 1931 (at least 256). Worst disaster in New Zealand's history.
What year did the Kaikōura earthquake occur?
2016
What type of plate boundary occurs throughout the South Island?
Transform
How many people did the NZ defence force evacuate from affected areas following the kāikoura earthquake?
1,000 people
Between September 2010 and June 2012, how many aftershocks were there in Canterbury: 14, 140, 1,400, or 14,000?
14,000 earthquakes
What earthquake had the largest magnitude; Hawkes Bay 1931, Canterbury 2010, Canterbury 2011, or Kaikōura 2016?
Kaikōura 2016 (7.8)
Hawkes Bay 1931 (7.4)
Canterbury 2010 (7.2)
Canterbury 2011 (6.2)
CTV Building
The hot core
What is the estimated total economic loss for the Canterbury earthquakes?
NZ$40 billion.
What earthquake resulted in the 2.7m uplift of the Ahuriri Lagoon that would become the location of the new airport?
Hawkes Bay 1931
How many faults were involved in the Kaikōura 2016 earthquake?
20 different faults (a world record)
What NZ earthquake triggered the biggest tsunami recorded in New Zealand since 1947?
Kaikōura 2016 (6.6 m high)
Name the tectonic plate that is being subducted:
(a) in the North Island; and
(b) South-West of the South Island.
(a) North Island = Pacific plate
(b) South-West of South Island = Australian Plate
What earthquake resulted in the town being re built in an art deco style which is now a large tourist attraction?
Hawkes Bay 1931
What earthquake resulted in parts of the South Island moving 5m closer to the North Island, and some parts raised by up to 8m?
Kaikōura 2016
What earthquake lead to hundreds of overseas search and rescue staff coming to New Zealand to assist with rescue efforts?
Canterbury 2011 (more than 900 from Australia, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States).
What fault was activated in the Canterbury 2010 earthquake?
Greendale fault
Describe the pattern of earthquakes across New Zealand, include 3 key features.
1. Linear.
2. Follows the tectonic plate boundary.
3. Occurs in a North-East to South-West direction.
Name 3 factors that made the Canterbury 2011 earthquake more fatal then the Canterbury 2010 earthquake?
Occurred at a depth of only 5 km (shallower).
Struck at lunchtime on a working day (a lot of people in central town).
Occurred only 5 km south-east of Christchurch (close to the city).
How many landslides were caused by the Kaikōura 2016 earthquake?
29,000
What earthquake resulted in nationally significant roads and locally vital roads and rail links being destroyed or buried under landslides?
Kaikōura 2016
What fault was activated in the Hawkes Bay 1931 earthquake?
Poukawa fault