Earthquakes
What causes an earthquake?
when molten rock moves under a volcano; the buildup and release of energy when two surface plates move or shift against each other; when large amounts of earth are removed or added
what could cause a volcanic eruption?
a hot spot; heated magma rising to the surface
occurs when rocks move horizontally past each other
strike-slip fault
vibrations of energy that flow from the focus of an earthquake
seismic waves
detects, times, and measures the movements of the earth
seismograph
the beginning point of an earthquake
focus
magma that breaks through the earth's surface
lava
occurs when rocks push together, forcing a section of rock upward
thrust/reverse
fast moving waves that occur beneath the surface of the earth
body waves
the Richter scale
the strength of the seismic waves of an earthquake is called its
magnitude
occurs when part of a mountain collapses, causing mud and rock fragments to surge down the mountain
debris flow
occurs when rocks move apart, forming a gap
normal fault
what are slower destructive waves that occur on the surface of the earth?
surface waves
area around the Pacific Ocean where many volcanoes occur
Ring of Fire
the point on the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
epicenter
avalanche-like emission of red-hot dust and gases from a volcanic eruption
pyroclastic flow
what is a fault?
breaks in the earth's surface along which rock can move
true
true or false: the lithosphere is located beneath the mantle of the earth
false
this large, gradually sloping volcano has mild eruptions and a continuous flow of lava. Scientists will study the composition of the gathered lava.
active shield volcano
the idea that the earth's crust is made up of moving plates
theory of plate tectonics
volcanic fog
vog