Plate Tectonics
True or False: The earth's crust is always changing
What is true
Breaks in the earth's surface along which rock can move
What are faults
The beginning point of an earthquake
What is the focus
This detects, times, and measures the movements of the earth
What is a seismograph
What is magma
Another name for volcanic fog
What is the lithosphere
occurs when rocks move apart, forming a gap
What is a normal fault
The vibrations of energy that flow from the focus of an earthquake
What are seismic waves
The strength of the seismic waves of an earthquake
What is the magnitude
The area around the Pacific Ocean where many volcanoes occur
What is the Ring of Fire
A volcano that is gradually sloping and has a continuous flow of lava
What is an active shield volcano
This kind of scientist studies the structure, rocks, and minerals of the earth
What is a geologist
Occurs when rocks push together, forcing a section of rock upward
What is a thrust, or reverse fault
The point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus
What is the epicenter
This is used to measure an earthquake's magnitude
What is the Richter scale
Magma that breaks through the earth's surface
What is lava
What are dormant
The idea that the earth's crust is made up of moving plates
What is a strike-slip fault
Each whole number on the Richter scale is _____ times greater than the previous one
What is 10
The type of volcano that has a bowl-like crater at its top and only one main vent.
What is a cinder cone volcano
When part of the mountain collapses and mud and rock fragments surge down the mountain
What is debris flow
The single large landmass that some scientists believes that at one time the earth could have been
What is Pangaea
Addition or removal of large amounts of earth
Movement of molten rock under a volcano
Sudden shifting of the earth's crust
What are surface waves
What are two related disasters that can happen because of an earthquake?
Tsunamis
Volcanic eruption
What are two causes of a volcanic eruption?
a hot spot
heated magma rising to the surface
An avalanche-like emission of red-hot dust and gases from a volcanic eruption
What is a pyroclastic flow