Earthquake
Vibrations caused by the rupture and sudden movement of rocks along a break or a crack in Earth's crust.
What is an EARTHQUAKE?
Earthquakes create these type of waves.
What are SEISMIC WAVES?
A crack in Earth's crust through which molten rock flows.
What is a VOLCANO?
What is the difference between MAGMA and LAVA?
Magma is inside the earth, Lava is after it has come out on the surface.
Occurs when volcanoes melt glaciers and snow-capped peaks, causing devastating mudslides that can happen without warning.
What is a LAHAR?
Caused when wet soil is shaken violently by an earthquake. Can result in building collapse.
What is LIQUIFACTION?
The location on Earth's surface directly above the place inside Earth where rocks first move and seismic waves originate.
What is an EPICENTER?
This type of seismic wave causes particles deep in the ground to move in a push-pull motion similar to a coiled spring. These waves arrive first to a seismometer.
What is a PRIMARY WAVE (or P WAVE)?
Most volcanoes occur at or near these types of locations.
What are PLATE BOUNDARIES?
A large, gentle-sloped volcano that results from smaller eruptions of runny or liquid lava along divergent plate boundaries and oceanic hot spots is termed this.
What is a SHIELD VOLCANO?
Ash and rock that settles on the side of a volcano after an eruption can cause this after heavy rains.
What is a LANDSLIDE or MUDSLIDE?
This can happen if earthquakes or landslides occur under the ocean or large body of water.
What is a TSUNAMI?
A location inside Earth where rocks first move along a fault and from which seismic waves originate.
What is a FOCUS?
Formed when P and S waves cause particles on top of the ground to move up and down and side to side in a rolling motion.
What is a SURFACE WAVE?
The area around the Pacific Ocean where roughly 75% of volcanoes on the Earth's surface are found is referred to as this.
What is the RING OF FIRE?
A large, steep-sided volcano that results from explosive eruptions and generally occurs along convergent plate boundaries is called this.
What is a COMPOSITE VOLCANO (or STRATOVOLCANO)?
The tiny particles of volcanic rock, that may be sent high into the atmosphere causing ash fall, are called this.
What is VOLCANIC ASH?
Often associated with earthquakes in areas with homes and businesses due to ruptured gas lines.
What is FIRES caused by earthquakes?
A crack or fracture in Earth's lithosphere along which one block of rock moves toward, away from or past another.
What is a FAULT? (Note: also accept PLATE BOUNDARY)
This type of seismic wave causes particles to move at right angles relative to the direction the wave travels. These waves also arrive second to a seismometer.
What is SECONDARY WAVE (or S WAVE)?
Why are some volcanoes in Hawaii active, yet others are extinct?
Volcanoes in Hawaii are due to a hot spot. They will only be active when the plate is over the hotspot and become extinct when off of it.
This type of lava is what causes the creation of Composite Volcanoes.
What is a THICK or VISCOUS lava? Also accept HIGH IN SILICA.
Caused by explosive volcanoes, this moves at speeds of more than 100km/hr and can reach temperatures above 1000 degrees Celsius. It may catch people by surprise and kill them immediately.
What is a PYROCLASTIC FLOW?
Name 2 things seismologists can learn from examining seismograms of an earthquake from different locations.
They can determine EPICENTER and MAGNITUDE.
The deepest earthquakes would occur at this type of boundary.
What is SUBDUCTION BOUNDARY.
An instrument that measures and records ground motion and can be used to determine the distance seismic waves travel.
What is a SEISMOMETER or SEISMOGRAPH?
The three types of volcanoes we studied are called this?
What are CINDER CONE, COMPOSITE, and SHIELD VOLCANOES?
What causes composite volcanoes to erupt violently, compared to shield volcanoes?
The lava of composite volcanoes is more viscous, gas can't escape easily and vents get plugged. Caused by more silica in magma.
Volcanic eruptions, due to ash in the atmosphere blocking and reflecting sunlight, can cause this.
What is a CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE (or CLIMATE CHANGE)?
When Mt. St. Helens erupted, an earthquake triggered a huge landslide, which then caused.....
A volcanic ERUPTION.