theory of plate tectonics
the lithosphere is made up of which two layers?
crust and upper mantle
location on earth where there are frequent earthquakes and volcanoes
ring of fire
what is the first wave detected by a seismograph (earthquake radar)
primary
what is the main part of a volcano that magma moves up through to erupt?
vent
what are three ways to classify volcanoes?
shape
how often they erupt
type of eruption
what is a fault?
a crack or break in the earths crust?
this earthquake scale measures the magnitude/strength of the waves of earthquakes
Richter scale
which waves move fast under the surface of the earth? and what are they called? (2)
body
- primary
-secondary
what is molten (liquid) rock called inside the volcano and outside of the volcano?
magma
lava
what are the three main volcano shapes?
- composite
-cinder cone
-shield
what are the three different types of plate boundaries?
convergent
divergent
transverse
describe what happens at a transverse boundary
plates slide past one another
which is the slowest moving and most destructive wave?
love waves
which type of volcanoes explosively erupt?
composite
cinder cone
what is it called when a volcano has never erupted and is never expected to?
extinct
a reverse fault happens at which plate boundary?
what happens to the plates?
convergent
they move toward each other and is forced up
most earthquakes occur at this fault
strike slip fault
describe the movement of a primary wave
push and pull
what is a dormant volcano?
a volcano that has erupted in the distant past but is not expected to erupt again
what is the type of eruption that is the most powerful?
what is the type of eruption that is quiet, but lasts for long periods of time?
plinian
strombolian
what are the three kinds of faults? and which plate boundaries do they each occur at?
normal - divergent
strike slip - transverse
what is the origin of the earthquake called and what is the point directly abone it on the earths surface?
focus
epicenter
name all of the earthquake waves
primary
secondary
love
rayleigh
what happens during a pelean eruption?
violent eruption and loud explosion, includes pyroclastic flows (hot ash and gas cloud)
explain the steps that cause a volcanic eruption (4)
- crack in the crust
-magma fills in the cracks
-pressure breaks through the crust to form vents
-magma moves up through the vent and erupts as lava