Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Volcanoes

100

True or false: the higher the temperature of magma, the higher the viscosity.

False

200

Which volcano has steeper sides - a Shield volcano or a cinder cone?

1) Lava or Magma 2) Ash

300

What 2 things is a composite volcano made up of?

1) Lava or Magma 2) Ash

400

Name the three types of volcanoes.

Shield, Cinder Cones, Composite

500

Daily Double: Each group will write one complete sentence describing this situation. The MOST COMPLETE will win. Describe the Ring of Fire.

-Pacific Ocean -Volcanoes formed along plate boundaries -Explanation why volcanoes are formed near converging boundaries as well as why they are formed near diverging boundaries. -Why it is a ring. -Description of the boundaries of the plate: West coast of the Americas, East coast of Asia, passing through New Zealand and Iceland.

Earthquakes

100

What does the word composite mean?

A material made up of multiple other materials. (2 or more)

200

Why do earthquakes happen generally in mountainous places?

Because subduction zones create earthquakes and mountains.

300

Answer one of the following questions: 1) What is the study of earthquakes called? 2) What is the name of the instrument used to measure earthquakes called?

1) Seismology 2) A Seismograph

400

Describe how tsunamis happen. -Where they are most likely to happen -Describe the process

-Convergent boundaries under water. -Oceanic Lithosphere gets projected upward when rocks break due to stress. Pushes water upward quickly creating a huge wave. Wave travels to shore.

500

Each group will write one complete sentence describing this situation. The MOST COMPLETE will win the points. Describe the process of an earthquake using all relevant terms. -Where does it happen and why there? -Why does it happen all at once and then not for a long time afterward?

-It happens at convergent boundaries because the oceanic lithosphere is moving under the continental lithosphere. -It only happens in sudden bursts because the convergent pressure of the two plates builds up stress in the fault which releases when the stress exceeds the strength of the rock.

Shockwaves

100

Which medium(s) can P-waves travel through?

Solids and liquids

200

What part of the earth can't S-waves travel through and why?

The outer core because it is liquid and S-waves can't travel through liquid.

300

What type of wave is the S-Wave? (Name of wave)

Transverse.

400

Describe the characteristics of each type of wave: 1) S-Waves 2) P-Waves Sound Waves Light waves Transverse Waves Longitudinal Waves

P-Waves = Sounds Waves = Longitudinal (slinky) Waves S-Waves = Light Waves = Transverse Waves

500

Each group will write one complete sentence describing this situation. The MOST COMPLETE will win the points. If an earthquake happens in Australia, can we detect it here in the USA? Explain your answer.

Yes, but we can only detect the P-waves with a seismograph. The S-waves will be stopped by the liquid outer core of the earth.

More Volcanoes

100

What, besides magma/lava, comes out of a volcano? Name 2 things.

Ash, toxic gasses, water vapor.

200

What kind of volcano was Mount Saint Helens? Exactly why did it explode?

It was a composite volcano. It exploded because the viscous magma plugged up the pipe so when the pressure was great enough it blew a hole in the side blowing hundreds of tuns of ash great distances in the air.

300

Why is a shield volcano wide and flat?

Since the lava isn't very viscous, it travels further distances making the volcano wide and doesn't pile up on itself as much making it flat.

400

Each group will write one complete sentence describing this situation. The MOST COMPLETE will win. Explain how and why volcanoes form on convergent boundaries.

Because convergent boundaries form subduction zones, the melted oceanic lithosphere can find it's way through the fault between the two layers up to the surface and form a volcano.

500

Each group will write one complete sentence describing this situation. The MOST COMPLETE will win. Explain why Hawaii is part of a chain of Islands. How exactly was it formed. Draw a picture.

Under a Hot Spot. Hot spot doesn't move, but the plate moved North, then West, so the magma formed volcanoes in chains and then when the plate moved, the volcanoes moved with it.