Earthquakes Faults
What are the three types of faults?
- normal fault
- strike-slip fault
- reverse fault
What are seismic waves?
Vibrations that flow out from the focus of the earthquake in all directions.
What causes a volcano eruption?
- Heated magma rising to the surface
Name the three types of volcanos.
Shield, Cinder cone, and Composite Cone
What is the lithosphere?
The crust and upper area of the mantle.
Define normal fault.
Occurs when rocks move apart, forming a gap
What is the epicenter?
The point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus.
What is a vent?
An opening in the surface of the earth where lava can flow.
Name the the most powerful eruption.
Pyroclastic
True or False:
The idea that the earth's surface is made up of moving plates is called the theory of plate tectonics.
True
Define strike-slip fault.
Occurs when rocks move horizontally past each other.
What is the difference between Body waves and Surface waves?
Body waves: occur beneath the ground
Surface waves: occur above ground
What is a magma chamber?
Pockets of molten rock
Define active, dormant, and extinct.
Active: erupted in record time and expected to erupt again.
Dormant: erupted in the past but currently inactive and not expected to erupt again.
Extinct: no record of eruption and not expected to erupt in the future.
What is vog?
Volcanic fog
Define reverse fault.
What are P waves?
What are S waves?
P waves: is the fastest moving body wave. It travels in a straight path by a push-pull motion.
S waves: move more slowly than the P wave. It moves in an up-and-down zigzag pattern.
What is a crater?
The bowl shape at the top of a main vent.
How is a volcano formed?
A crack in the earth's crust allows magma and gases to come to the surface.
Name what we can use to measure an earthquake.
Seismograph: measures earthquake waves
Richter Scale: measures magnitude
Mercalli Scale: measure destruction
Causes of an earthquake?
- When molten rock moves under a volcano
- A buildup and release of the energy when two surface plates move against each other
- When large amounts of earth are removed or added
What are Love waves?
What are Rayleigh waves?
Love waves: the fastest surface wave, moves in a back and forth zigzag pattern.
Rayleigh wave: moves along the ground in a rolling motion, similar to the way ocean waves roll.
Where are most volcanos located?
Around the Ring of Fire!
What relationship do you see between plate boundaries and volcanoes?
Volcanoes tend to occur along plate boundaries.
Where would you find most of earth's volcanoes?
Underground