Waves
Describe the speed and shape of a p-wave
slinky, fastest wave
What measures seismic waves?
seismometer
What is the first layer of the Earth?
crust
What is a seismic wave?
the often destructive wave resulting from an earthquake
What is a shield volcano?
a flat, circular, non explosive volcano
Describe the speed and shape of an s-wave
like a whip, the second fastest wave
Individual seismic waves are measured and shown a:
seismogram
What is the second layer of the Earth?
mantle
What's a focus?
the actual point on the fault where the earthquake begins
describe basaltic magma
thin/runny magma, low silica content, not explosive
Describe the speed and shape of a surface wave
waves only on the surface like an ocean, the slowest wave
The mantle is made mostly of which mineral?
peridotite
What is the third layer of the Earth?
outer core
What's an epicenter?
the point on the surface of the earth where the earthquake begins
What is a convection current? Which layer of the earth is it in?
circular motion of material, it's in the mantle
P and S waves received at a station far away from an epicenter will arrive:
CLOSER in time or
MORE SPACED OUT in time
More spaced out in time
What materials are the outer core made of? Is it liquid or solid?
nickel and iron, liquid
What is the fourth layer of the Earth?
inner core
describe a strike-slip fault
horizontal movement of plates along each other, no ramp
Name something that seismic waves let us image
crustal slabs that subducted, hot spots/plumes
What materials are the inner core made of? Is it liquid or solid?
nickel and iron, solid
What happens when an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate, and what features are formed?
ocean plate subducts, trench and volcano are made