Earthquakes #1
Which type of wave is the most destructive and damaging?
surface wave
The location inside Earth where the earthquake originates.
focus
Where do volcanoes form? (You must have a fully complete answer)
convergent plates
divergent plates
hot spots
Molten rock below the surface is known as ...?
magma
What is another term for a mudslide / mudflow
lahar
Where do most earthquakes occur?
active plate boundaries - generally in the middle of oceans and along the edges of continents
The location on Earth's surface that an earthquake originates.
epicenter
Magma that is gas-rich will form a volcano with what kind of shape?
steep-sided & erupts explosively
A fast moving avalanche of hot gas, ash and rock that erupts from an explosive volcano.
pyroclastic flow
Define viscosity.
A liquid's resistance to flow.
Which seismic wave is the fastest?
P-wave
(primary wave)
A normal fault is to tension as a strike-slip fault is to...?
shearing
An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust due to convection current forces.
hot spot
What type of volcano is likely to form at divergent plate boundaries and oceanic hot spots?
shield volcano
Pressure applied to a rock that can change the shape of the rock is called...?
deformation
Which seismic wave cannot travel through water?
S wave
The difference in time from a P-wave arriving at a seismograph and an S-wave arriving at a seismograph tells us what?
how far away the epicenter is
Which volcano would likely have andesitic and rhyolitic lavas?
composite / stratovolcano
Pahoehoe and aa are produced during which type of eruption?
gentle eruptions
What is a dome mountain?
A mass of rock that formed when a smaller body of magma cooled inside Earth's crust
A number that geologists assign to an earthquake based on the earthquakes strength is called...?
magnitude
In a reverse fault where compression occurs, where is your hanging wall in respect to the footwall?
The hanging wall is being pushed above the footwall due to the compression.
The force of a volcanic eruption depends on what 3 things...?
gas content
temperature
silica content
What is a batholith?
A mass of rock that formed when a large body of magma cooled inside Earth's crust.
Identify the type(s) of volcano(es) for the following:
Kilauea
Mount St. Helens
Kilauea = shield volcano
Mount St. Helens = composite volcano