Earthquakes
the location on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake’s focus
epicenter
the 3 types of seismic waves
primary, secondary, surface waves
Molten rock below Earth’s surface is called
magma
large, gentle-sloped volcanoes that result from quiet eruptions
shield volcanoes
small, cone shaped volcanoes filled of scoria or cinder
cinder cone volcanoes
The place of origin of an earthquake is the
focus
the fastest type of seismic wave
p-wave
Molten rock that erupts onto Earth’s surface is called:
lava
tall, steep sided volcanoes made of alternating layers of magma and ash
composite volcanoes
a circular bowl that forms around the vent, often at the top of a volcano
crater
a graphical illustration of seismic waves
seismograph (seismogram)
detected and recorded after p-waves
s-waves
This volcano is the most dangerous volcano in the United States
Mt. Rainier
All of the Hawaiian Islands are formed of this type of volcano
shield volcano
The most explosive and destructive eruptions occur from these
composite volcano
the scale that uses the amount of motion at a given distance from an earthquake to determine the magnitude of the earthquake
Richter scale
slowest seismic wave
surface wave
Volcanoes that are not associated with plate boundaries are called
hot spots
What is a HINT that a composite volcano is about to erupt?
Steam, earthquakes, bulging & growing in size, small ash eruptions
tiny, tiny pieces of volcanic rock and minerals
ash
Seismologists use a method called _________ to locate an earthquake’s epicenter
triangulation
How do you use p-waves and s-waves to locate an earthquakes epicenter?
Find the arrival time difference between P-waves and S-waves and then find the distance to the epicenter
Explain the process of a volcano erupting
Magma rises and collects in magma chambers. Eventually, some of the magma pushes through vents and cracks to the Earth's surface. Extreme pressure and heat from convection currents causes this rise in magma.
List 2 positive aspects of volcanoes erupting
tourism, geothermal energy, hot springs, fertile soil from ash, etc.
Dark colored volcanic rock with lots of gas bubbles
scoria