Layers of Earth
Plate boundaries
Plate tectonics
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
100
Which compositional layer of the Earth is the thinnest?
The crust
100
Most divergent boundaries lie under the world's oceans. Which of these is a process that occurs at divergent boundaries: subduction of old crust, formation of new crust, plates slide past each other, or continental collisions occur?
Formation of new crust
100

Scientists think continents were once a large single landmass that broke apart and then the continents slowly drifted to their present locations. What is the name given to this theory?

Continental drift or Plate Tectonics

100

What happens at a convergent tectonic plate boundary?

Two tectonic plates collide with one another, causing subduction and or mountain building through compression.

100

What is the difference between magma and lave?

Magma is hot and inside a volcano and lava is cooling and outside of a volcano.

200
How is the outer core different than the inner core?
The outer core is liquid and the inner core is solid.
200
Subduction is one plate pushing underneath another plate. If an oceanic plate and a continental plate collide, which one will push underneath the other one and why.
The oceanic plate will push under because it is denser
200
Tectonic plates pushing into each other is what kind of boundary?
Convergent boundary
200

Define epicenter.

The position directly above the focus on Earth's surface where an earthquake begins

200
What is the difference between active and dormant volcanoes?
Active volcanoes have recently erupted or on the verge of erupting and dormant volcanoes haven't erupted in hundreds of years.
300
Going from inner layer to outer layer, name the 4 compositional layers.
The inner core, the outer core, the mantle, and the crust
300
When an oceanic plate and a continental plate collide, what is formed on the continental plate?
Mountains
300

What happens at a transform boundary?

Two plates move horizontally past one another from shearing

300
An Earthquake in City A registers 5.6, City B 7.8, and City C 6.8. Which city had the strongest earthquake?
City B
300

What are the three types of volcanoes?

Shield, Cinder cone, and Composite/Stratovolcano

400
The Earth's core is made up of mainly two elements, name them.
Nickel and iron
400
Explain a convection current.
The transfer of energy from a region of lower temperature to a region of higher temperature
400

What is the major reason there are no major earthquakes recorded in the interior of the continent of Africa?

The entire continent of Africa is located on a single continental tectonic plate and not between 2 boundaries.

400
What causes the plates to move?
Convection currents in the mantle
400
What is a hot spot?
A region of volcanic activity located in the middle of a tectonic plate.
500
This physical layer is divided into pieces called tectonic plates.
The lithosphere
500
Describe a divergent boundary.
Plates separate
500

How do continents move?

Continents move along with the plate they are part of because of convection currents in the mantle.

500

'P' waves are the primary waves and 's' waves are secondary waves. Explain what 'p' and 's' waves are.

Primary are the first to arrive and can travel through solids and liquids, moving side to side. S waves arrive next, cannot move through liquids and move side to side as well as up & down.

500

What and where is the Ring of Fire?

A zone of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions that outline the Pacific Ocean.

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