What is the change of volume or shape of the Earth's crust is called...
deformation
100
Which seismic waves arrive first?
P-waves
100
What is an anticline?
a fold bending up
200
What are surface waves?
P waves and S waves that reach the surface - they move slower but produce the most severe movements
200
What is tension?
When the crust is pulled and stretched thin.
200
What is an aftershock?
A smaller earthquake after a large earthquake in the same area
200
What is the instrument called that is used to measure and record ground movements during an earthquake?
seismograph
200
What is a plateau?
A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level.
300
Name the 3 kinds of deformations
shearing- tension-compression
300
What is compression?
Squeezes rock until it folds or breaks.
300
What is a break in the Earth's crust where slabs of crust slip past each other
Fault
300
What does the Mercalli scale measure?
This scale describes how the quake effects people, buildings and the land surface.Rates according to intensity.
300
What is a syncline?
a fold bending down
400
Name the two types of folds
anticlines and synclines
400
What is a reverse fault?
when blocks move in the opposite direction - can create mountains
400
What is a tsunami?
The wave that is created when an earthquake happens on the ocean floor. The plate movements cause the floor to rise and push the water up - waves can get as high as 6 stories!
400
What happens during liquefaction?
The earthquakes violent shaking turns loose, soft soil into mud. The ground gives out, building could sink or fall apart.
400
What does the Richter scale measure?
Rates the size of the seismic waves. Does not work well for large distant earthquakes.
500
What does the Moment Magnitude Scale measure?
Measures the total energy of quakes - near or far.
500
Where do earthquakes begin?
lithosphere
500
What are 3 ways you can protect yourself if you are indoors during an earthquake.
Drop, cover, and hold - avoid windows, mirrors, and anything hanging that might fall.
500
How does base-isolated construction help homes?
Base-isolated buildings rest on shock absorbing rubber pads or springs that absorb the earthquake energy
500
What is the difference between the focus and the epicenter?
focus is the point below the earth's surface where rock breaks causing an earthquake. The epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the focus