Forces in Earth's crust
Seismic waves
Monitoring earthquakes
Earthquake safety
Vocabulary
100
What are the three types of stress?
What is tension, compression, and shearing?
100
What type of wave is the fastes?
What is P wave?
100
What are faults often hidden by?
What is rock or soil
100
What are the four causes of damage from an earthquake? (bad puns does not count)
What is shaking, liquefaction, aftershocks, and tsunamis
100
What is the definition of aftershock?
What is "an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area."
200
What type of stress causes a strike-slip fault?
What is shearing?
200
Name the 3 waves in the order that they arrive in.
What is... 1. P waves 2. S waves 3. Survace waves
200
What are seismographs and fault-monitoring devices used for?
What is "to provide data used to map faults and detect changes along faults."
200
Geologists can used modified _______ data to map the intensit of an earthquake.
What is Mercalli
200
What is friction?
What is "the force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface.
300
What is the difference between a reverse and normal fault?
What is "in a normal fault, the hanging wall slips below the footwall, but in a reverse fault, the hanging wall slides up and over the footwall."
300
What scale do geologists use to estimate the the total energy released by an earthquake?
What is moment magnitude scale?
300
What is the only instrument that can monitor both vertical and horizontal movement?
What is GPS Satellite?
300
What hapens in liquefaction? *Where does liquefaction usually occur?
What is "Violent shaking suddenly turns loose, soft soil into mud. As the ground gives way, buildings sink and pull apart. *where soil is full of moisture
300
What is magnitude?
What is "a number geologists assign to an earthquake based on the earthquake's size."
400
Name at least 4 landforms that are created by plate movement.
What is... 1. anticlines 2. synclines 3. folded mountains 4. fault-block mountains 5. plateaus
400
How many steps are there in the original Mercalli scale and what is the amount of damage caused by the (modified Mercalli scale) 8th step?
What is 12 steps; severe; moderate to heavy chimneys and walls fall
400
What are the four instruments that monitor faults?
What is tiltmeter, creep meter, lazer- ranging device, and GPS satellites.
400
What kind of damage does an earthquake with a magnitude of 7, or a very strong earthquake cause?
What is moderate, chimneys break
400
What is a base isolated building?
What is "a biulding mounted on bearings that absorb an earthquake's energy"
500
How are folds in the crust created?
What is "when rock is stressed by compression, it may bend without breaking. Folds are bends in rock that for when compression shortens and thickens part of Earth's crust."
500
What factor does the amount of energy increase by (like from a 7 earthquake to an 8 earthquake)
What is 30
500
What are 3 reasons/variations of earthquakes the prevents the exact prediction of earthquakes?
What is 1. Stress along a fault increases until an earthquake occurs 2. Stored energy build up along a fault, but earthquake fails to occur 3. One or more small earthquakes relieves some of the stored energy - there is a chance that a large, destructive earthquake will suddenly strike
500
Name 3 ways you can make your house safer in an earthquake.
What is... - fasten bookshelves, cabinets and tall dressers to walls - secure brick chimneys with metal brackets and plywood -bolt the house to its concrete foundation -strap the water heater to the wall -use metal connectors to strengthen the house's frame -use plywood to strengthen walls -remove heavy itms from walls above beds -position beds away from windows
500
What is a hanging wall?
What is "the block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault.
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