Scale based on amount of damage and the observations of people.
What is the Mercalli scale?
200
First to arrive and lowest amplitude
What are P-waves?
200
Cliff created by movement along a fault.
What is a scarp?
200
Molten rock that has reached the surface.
What is lava?
200
Ring of Fire, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Mediterranean-Asiatic Belt.
What are the 3 major earthquake zones?
200
Volcano that has erupted in the last 100 years.
What is an active volcano?
300
How much stress a material can take before breaking
What is the elastic limit?
300
Long cracks in rock or soil; can extend for many km and result in massive landslides.
What is fissure?
300
Active
Dormant
Extinct
What are the 3 levles of volcanic activity?
300
Explosive eruptions, steep, bombs, cinder.
What is a cinder cone volcano?
300
A volcano that has not erupted for hundreds of years.
What is a dormant volcano?
400
Records magnitude or strenth of the earthquake.
What is the Richter Scale?
400
Distance to the epicenter.
Type of ground on which the structures are built.
Type of building materials used.
What are the factors that affect how much damage an earthquake will do?
400
What are the 4 main parts of a volcano?
1. Pipe
2. Vent
3. Magma chamber
4. Crater
400
Lava, quiet eruptions, flat, Mauna Loa.
What is a shield volcano?
400
Cement and brick.
What are materials not to build an earthquake resistant structure with?
500
What are the 4 steps to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
1. Find the difference between arrival times of P & S waves.
2. Use those times to find the distance to the epicenter.
3. Use the distance to create the radius of a circle.
4. At least 3 seismograph stations are needed.
500
Low and fast-moving waves in deep water that slow down and begin to increase in heigh in shallow water.
What is a tsunami?
500
Lava, rock, ash, gas, all explode out of the vent
What is an explosive eruption?
500
Explosive and effusive eruptions, alternating layers, cinders, lava.
What is a Composite volcano?
500
The spot in the earth's crust where the plates break and the earthquake actually happens.