Volcanoes & Earthquakes
What does the liquid from a volcano become when it cools?
Basalt rock
The Earth's crust is broken into 12 major pieces called ______.
plates
This type of map shows elevation using shading.
islands
The deepest part of the ocean is called ___________.
Trenches
Most of the Earth's volcanoes and earthquakes occur here.
The Ring of Fire (continental boundaries)
The sudden moving of the Earth's crust caused by moving plates is called ________.
earthquakes
This type of map shows elevation using contour lines.
Topographic map
The tallest landform.
mountains
Equivalent to a mountain range on land, it is formed where plates are pulling apart.
The mid-Atlantic ridge
Volcanoes always appear in what?
clusters
These occur when two plates move in a divergent pattern (move away from one another).
ocean ridges (mid-Atlantic ridge)
The space between contour lines is called _________.
Contour intervals
What is the ocean equivalent to land plains?
Abyssal plains
The area of land from the continent that gradually slopes downward toward the continental slope.
Continental Shelf
Underwater volcanoes are called _________.
seamounts
When two plates move in a convergent pattern (push together), these form.
mountains and trenches
The closer the contour lines are, the _________ the slope is.
steeper
What is equivalent to a mountain range under water?
mid-Atlantic ridge
The steep dropoff that goes from the continental shelf to the ocean floor.
continental slope
Which is more likely to form volcanoes: convergent plates (plates pushing together) or transform plates (plates moving past one another)?
convergent
The movement of Earths' plates caused the continents to separate over millions of years. This is called _____.
continental drift
This measurement is used to measure how far east or west a place is from the equator.
longitude
A deep narrow valley with steep sides is called a ____.
canyon
Name two ways that scientists create maps of the ocean floor and ocean landforms.
1. Monitoring Sound waves
2. Observing underwater vehicles