Natural Features
Natural Hazards
Fossils
Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition
Types of Rock
100
The diagram shows a map of a lake.
Which labeled part on the map is an island?
O
100
The image shows a volcanic eruption.
What direct impact do volcanic eruptions have on the environment?
a) building of forests
b) decrease in the temperature of ocean water
c) increase in the level of oxygen in air
d) release of toxic gases and ash in air
d) release of toxic gases and ash in air
100
Most fossils are found in which type of rock?
Sedimentary
100
What is the correct order in which these processes change the structure of Earth’s surface?
weathering --> erosion --> deposition
100
How does sedimentary rock form?
From the compression of sediments.
200
What forms canyons, valleys, and caverns?
Water
200
During heavy rains, landslides cause severe damage to roads and houses in mountainous regions. Which solution can help reduce damage from landslides?
a) People should build more houses in mountainous regions.
b) Houses in mountainous regions should be empty during heavy rains.
c) More trees should be planted to stop the mass movement of rocks and soil.
d) Houses should be built using wood rather than concrete.
c) More trees should be planted to stop the mass movement of rocks and soil.
200
Present-day starfish live in oceans. The image shows a starfish fossil found in the mountains of Morocco.
What does this fossil indicate?
That the mountains of Morocco were once underwater.
200
Jim notices a rock in the park. The rock has a crack and a small tree growing out of it. Which natural process caused the condition observed in the rock?
Weathering
200
How are igneous rocks formed?
From molten rock or magma.
300
What is the deepest part of the ocean basin?
Trench
300
A student reads that major injuries occur during earthquakes when people get trapped under tall buildings and heavy objects fall on them. The student lists several methods that can reduce injuries during an earthquake.
Which methods best decrease injuries?
1 and 2
300
The image shows the locations of different fossils in rock layers.
Which fossils are older than fossil X?
D and B
300
A student is studying some shells on a beach.
What process would most likely have caused the arrival of shells on the beach?
a) weathering of rocks in the riverbank
b) earthquakes under the ocean
c) volcanic activity in the ocean
d) deposition by ocean waves
d) deposition by ocean waves
300
Sedimentary rock helps scientists piece together the history of Earth most likely using clues from...
a) humans
b) fossils
c) soil
d) gravel
b) fossils
400
The diagram shows various landforms on an ocean floor.
Which label represents a seamount?
R
400
The image shows the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean.
It has been observed that some of the islands continue to increase in size. What could be a likely reason for the formation and size increase of the Hawaiian Islands?
a) volcanic eruptions
b) underwater earthquakes
c) formation of fossil fuels
d) formation of sand dunes
a) volcanic eruptions
400
A student examines the diagram of rock layers from a mountain that hold fossils. The diagram only shows rock layers with fossils.
The student claims that the mountain was once another environment. Is the student correct, and why?
Yes. Layer A contains fossils of marine animals, whereas layer B contains fossils of a land animal.
400
Deltas are a result of....
erosion and deposition
400
The figure below shows a wall of the Grand Canyon.
The most recent rocks of the Grand Canyon formed during which geologic period?
Permian
500
A mid-ocean ridge divides an ocean into two parts. Which continental landform most resembles a mid-ocean ridge?
a) canyon
b) mountain range
c) plain
d) volcanic island
b) mountain range
500
Which question can a builder study to design a house to survive an earthquake?
a) What shape rolls and shakes without cracking or being damaged?
b) What materials are unharmed by high temperatures?
c) What time of year has the most earthquakes?
d) What location has the most earthquakes?
a) What shape rolls and shakes without cracking or being damaged?
500
Rock layers A-D shifted during an earthquake.
Which layer contains the oldest fossil?
Layer A
500
As part of an activity, a student cuts two plastic bottles (A and B) and fills both with soil and one with grass, as shown.
The student pours water in both bottles and records the observations, as listed in the chart.
Which natural process does this activity show?
a) deposition
b) erosion
c) sedimentation
d) weathering
b) erosion
500
Examine the rock layers pictured below.
Which layer is most likely the oldest?
1