On the move
What are the currents within Earth's interior called?
Convection currents
What is crystalization?
The process by which atoms are arranged to form a material that has a crystal structure.
What are the layers of Earth's interior?
Crust, Mantle, Outer core, Inner Core
What are the three types of rock?
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
What is molten rock on or near the Earth's surface
What are the two sources of energy in the rock cycle?
The sun and the inner core.
What are the 5 characteristics of a mineral?
Naturally occurring, solid, forms by inorganic processes, has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition
Which layer of the Earth's interior is the thinnest and which is the thickest?
The crust is the thinnest and the mantle is the thickest.
What are the steps in the sedimentary process?
Weathering and erosion, Deposition, Compaction, Cementation.
What causes metamorphic rock to form?
Heat and pressure from Earth's interior.
What happens to material as it moves through the stages of the rock cycle?
The same matter is recycled over and over again.
What are the properties of a mineral?
Color, streak, luster, hardness, density, crystal structure, cleavage or fracture, and sometimes special features.
What are the differences between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere?
The lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle and is solid and hard. The asthenosphere includes the part of the mantle below the lithosphere which is under intense pressure and contains flexible rock.
What are the two types of igneous rock and why are they different?
Intrusive igneous rock forms when magma cools beneath Earth's surface and has larger grains. Extrusive igneous rock forms when magma cools on Earth's surface and has smaller grains.
What are the Earth processes that act on rocks in the rock cycle?
Weathering and erosion, deposition, heat and pressure, melting
This is when water, ice, wind, or gravity transports sediment from one location to another.
Erosion
This type of mineral deposit is formed on the roof of caves over long periods of time.
Stalactites
What are the inner core and outer core not both liquid?
Because the inner core is under too much pressure and doesn't have room to expand.
What are the two types of metamorphic rock and what makes them different?
Metamorphic rocks whose grains are arranged in parallel lines are foliated and metamorphic rocks whose grains are arranged randomly are nonfoliated.
What type of event could be responsible for causing a crack in a rock column?
An earthquake or another rapid shifting of the ground
How does the sun drive the wind?
The sun creates wind by heating the ground, which heats the air above it, which then causes the heated air to rise. The rising heated air creates a vacuum underneath it as it rises, so that air from the surrounding side rushes in to fill the hole - this is wind.
What are the 4 ways that minerals can form?
Organic processes, evaporation of solutions, from magma or lava cools, being altered from heat and pressure.
Which layer of Earth's interior causes the magnetic field?
The Outer core
Which of Earth's processes is responsible for the formation of rock "columns"?
Weathering
Why do rocks not always follow the same steps in the rock cycle?
Because Earth's processes can act on any type of rock.