Inside Earth
This is the thinnest layer of the Earth.
The crust.
What process breaks rock into smaller pieces?
Weathering
This term is used when talking about all of Earth's water on, above, and below the surface.
The hydrosphere
What causes waves?
Wind blowing across the ocean's surface
About this percent of Earth's water is held in lakes and in flowing rivers and streams.
About 0.3%
As you travel deeper toward Earth's center, the temperature does this.
It increases (gets hotter).
Sediment is carried by the wind and dropped as sand at a beach. Name the process that dropped the sand.
Deposition
About this percent of Earth's water is salt water, and about this percent is fresh water.
About 97.5% salt water; about 2.5% fresh water
What happens to the ocean because of the gravitational pull of the Moon?
Tides
What happens to fresh water before it is sent to our homes?
The water is cleaned, filtered, and treated before being sent to homes.
What are the large slabs of Earth's outer layer that slowly move called?
Tectonic Plates
What shapes a U-shaped valley versus a V-shaped valley?
U-shaped: a glacier. V-shaped: a river or stream.
This is liquid fresh water found underground, and people can collect it using wells.
Groundwater
Surface currents are caused by wind. What causes deep ocean currents? Bonus: name one job currents do for Earth.
Differences in temperature and salinity. Bonus: regulate climate, or carry marine organisms and young marine life.
Define a reservoir.
A place where fresh water is stored so it can be used later.
What is the name of the boundary where plates move toward each other?
Convergent boundary
What landform is a deep, narrow channel with steep sides?
A canyon
A large body of frozen water that moves slowly is a glacier. What do we call a piece of ice that breaks away from one?
An iceberg
Going out from the shoreline, you cross the continental shelf and then reach a sharp drop. What is that sharp drop called?
The continental slope
Give two reasons reservoirs are important.
They keep fresh water available all year, and some can generate hydroelectric power.
List the four layers of Earth from the outside in.
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core.
Name the three types of mountains.
Volcanic, fold, and block mountains.
Most of Earth's fresh water is frozen at the poles. Why can't people simply use it?
It isn't easily accessible. Only about 0.5% of Earth's total water is readily available for people to use.
What is the difference between a seamount and an island?
A seamount is an underwater mountain that does not reach the surface. If it rises above the surface, it becomes an island.
Give five ways people use fresh water.
Any five, such as drinking, cooking, cleaning, watering plants, farming, raising animals, making food, medicines, cosmetics or cleaning products, manufacturing, cooling, or producing electricity.