Interior of Earth
How Many Layers are inside the earth (including the top layer)
4
What was the supercontinent described by this theory called?
Pangaea
Underwater Mountain Chains are called what?
Mid-Ocean Ridges
What is the crust and solid part of the mantle called?
Lithosphere
Give an example of a feature that formed over a hot spot.
Hawaii, Old Faithful
What layer of the earth is liquid?
outer core
Who proposed the hypothesis of Continental Drift?
Alfred Wegener
Explain the process of sea-floor spreading.
Plates divide, magma rises, hardens into new ocean floor crust
What is the boundary where two plates slide past each other in opposite directions?
Transform
Name the feature that occurs at all three types of plate boundaries
Earthquakes
Explain how convection currents move in the mantle.
Hot magma from lower rises, and cooler sinks from near the crust.
Explain how glacier evidence supports this theory.
Glacier evidence found in tropical areas where glaciers would not naturally be located. This suggests that the plates must have moved from a cooler location.
Rock on either side of the mid-ocean ridge has what in common?
age
Which type of boundary formed the Himalayan mountains?
Convergent
Because there is no magma present, this feature does not occur at Transform plate boundaries.
volcanoes
Tell 2 ways that oceanic and continental crust differ.
Continental is thicker; oceanic is denser; oceanic made of basalt/ continental made of granite; location
Name Three Pieces of evidence for Continental Drift that Wegener found.
Fossils, plates fit like a puzzle, glaciers, coal deposits, mountain ranges
As we move away from a mid-ocean ridge, what is happening to the age of the ocean floor?
Getting Older – towards trenches and convergent boundaries
Iceland is located on top of the mid-atlantic ridge. What type of plate movement is happening here?
Pulling Apart
What is the difference between a fault and a plate boundary?
Faults are cracks in the crust anywhere on a plate, and don’t go all the way through the lithosphere. Plate boundaries divided plates and go all the way through to the mantle
How do we know what the interior of the earth is like?
Seismic waves, rock samples, volcanoes
What piece of evidence, found 30 years after Wegener’s death, helped prove his theory?
Plate Tectonics
Name one feature besides the mountain range that forms at mid-ocean ridges.
Rift valley, volcanoes, new floor
What is the difference between a trench and a rift valley?
Trench is at convergent boundary, rift valley at divergent
There are three types of convergent boundaries. Explain the difference between all three.
C-C = up, C-O = c over o, O-O = both down