Rock Cycle
These rocks are formed by erosion, deposition, and cementation.
Sedimentary Rocks
Widely distributed and lived for only a short period of time
What is an index fossil?
Name the units of geologic time from largest to smallest.
What is an eon, era, period, epoch?
Subduction zones are this type of plate boundary
What is convergent boundary
The division of Earth’s history into units of time based on the geologic changes in Earth’s crust and sudden changes in forms of life is called _____. A) relative dating B) the fossil record C) the geologic time scale D) the solar calendar year
What is C) the geologic time scale
The way things occurred in the past are likely the same way things occur today. (example: river flow downhill today so they probably flowed down hill in the past also)
Law of Uniformitarianism
_____ are the preserved remains or traces of plants or animals from Earth’s past. A) Traits B) Fossils C) Epochs D) Geologic columns
What is B) Fossils
Because of relative and radiometric dating methods, scientist determine the Earth to be how old?
4.6 billion years old
- The largest unit of geologic time is a(n) _______. A) era B) period C) epoch D) century
A. What is an era
The largest unit of geologic time is a(n) _______. A) era B) period C) epoch D) century
What is A) era
Igneous rocks or faults that “cut” into other rocks are the youngest.
Law of Cross-cutting relationships
Which of the following matches an event in the history of life with the correct geologic era? a. first mammals: Precambrian b. Appearance of humans: Mesozoic c. movement of plants and animals onto land: Paleozoic d. dominance of dinosaurs: Cenozoic
What is c. movement of plants and animals onto land: Paleozoic
Which of the following best describe the visible expressions of the relationships between the geologic forces acting to elevate the land surface and those wearing it away?
a. Plate tectonics
b. Folds
c. Topography
D. Fault
B. Folds
This type of plate boundary involves two plates moving apart from one another.
What is a divergent boundary?
This object measures the size and strength (magnitude) of an earthquake.
richter scale
What are the 3 types of plate boundaries?
Converging, diverging, transform-
The correct order of the major geologic periods of time from oldest to most recent is which of the following? A) Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Precambrian, Cenozoic B) Precambrian, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Cenozoic C) Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic D) Paleozoic, Precambrian, Cenozoic, Mesozoic
What is C) Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic
The first wave to be felt in an earthquake
What is a P Wave
-What is not a major era in Earth's History?
a. Mesozoic
b. Holocene
c. Cenozoic
d. Paleozoic
b. Holocene
What are the types of Earthquake/Seismic Waves?
Explain each type
1. Primary Waves- originates from focus-Fastest-travels through solid, liquid, gas
2. Secondary Wave- originates from focus-Arrives second-Travels through solid.
3. Surface Waves-originates from epicenter-slowest-most destructive
The person who proposed the theory of continental drift
Who is Alfered Wegener?
The division of Earth’s history into units of time based on the geologic changes in Earth’s crust and sudden changes in forms of life is called _____. A) relative dating B) the fossil record C) the geologic time scale D) the solar calendar year
What is C) the geologic time scale
How are fossils formed? explain each step.
Step #1- Sediment-animal is buried by sediment -bones are protected from rotting by sediment
Step#2. Layers- More sediment covers animal-minerals, such as silica and oxygen slowly replace the calcium phosphate in the bones.
Step#3. Movement- tectonic plates or giant rocks lift up sediment-pushes fossil close to surface.
Step#4. Erosion- from rain rivers, wind wears away remaining rock layer-eventually erosion or people dig up fossil.
These are the two types of crust found on earth and their densities and thicknesses?
What is continental crust (less dense, but thicker) and oceanic crust (more dense, but thinner)?
What are the 3 types of earthquake/seismic waves? explain each.
P waves- Originates from focus- fastest 3 miles per sec- travels through solid, liquid, gas
S-waves- originates from focus- arrives second 1.5 miles per hr- travels through solids- side to side motion
Surface waves- originates from epicenter- slowest-most destructive- ground rolls up/down-side/side