Weathering
When an animal burrows in the ground, is it considered mechanical or chemical weathering?
Mechanical
Which of the following is not a property that a geologist would test a mineral for?
a. luster
b. reaction with acid
c. hardness
d. taste
d. taste
When rock layers are formed, is the newest layer of rock on the bottom or the top?
the top
False. Nonrewable resources are resources that are consumed by humans much faster than they can be regenerated.
Where are most natural resources found?
a. in oceans
b. in mountains
c. where geological processes occur
d. evenly across the world
c. where geological processes occur
What are sedimentary rocks?
layers of sand, silt, mud, and organic material that are compacted into rock
Give at least 2 examples of a renewable resource and at least 2 examples of a nonrenewable resource
renewable: sunlight, wind, water, wood
nonrenewable: coal, fossil fuel, natural gas, gold, silver, copper
If you see a rock layer with fossils of ancient sea creatures on top of a layer with dinosaur footprints, which layer is older?
The layer with dinosaur footprints (as it would be located below the sea creature layer)
Name at least 2 things that fossil fuels are used for.
coal - electricity / energy
gas - transportation and heating
petrochemicals - plastics
What are 2 ways that humans are negatively impacted by resource extraction?
work injury, water pollution, air pollution, human rights violations, soil contamination
Match each term with the definition:
a. erosion
b. deposition
c. sedimentation
1. the process in which sediments are added to a landform
2. the geological process in which earth's materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water
3. when earth's material is deposited after being transported and sediments are created
a2. erosion - the geological process in which earth's materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water
b1. deposition- the process in which sediments are added to a landform
c3. sedimentation - when earth's material is deposited after being transported and sediments are created
This fossil fuel, formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms, is the largest source of energy for electricity generation worldwide.
What is coal?
The layering of rocks and minerals is called?
An underground layer of rock or soil that can absorb and contain water.
Aquifer
Give one positive and one negative result of a community that extracts natural resources
positives: creates jobs, brings in money for the community, provides the community with the resource
negatives: environmental impacts - air and water pollution, can disrupt habitats, changes the landscape
Define weathering.
What is the breakdown of rocks into sediment?
Petroleum is created from...
What are dead organisms?
What could cause a gap in the rock record, where a layer is missing?
erosion could occur and then a new layer is deposited in it's place which would alter a rock record
Which of the following is one of the most recycled materials? AND name at least one thing it's used for
a. petroleum
b. copper
c. gold
b. copper - wire and tubing used in appliances
How and where is copper extracted?
open pit mining occurs at the surface of the Earth
What type of weathering is abrasion and describe what happens?
How are metal ores formed?
Metal ores are primarily formed at plate tectonic boundaries or where this is volcanic activity because the movement of plates or volcanic activity creates heat and pressure
What is it called when a rock layer shifts and causes a fracture or crack?
a fault
Name at least 3 reasons why a region may be facing fresh water shortages
1. not enough precipitation - drought
2. a lot of people
3. water pollution
4. agriculture
5. deforestation
Give 3 ways that natural resources are extracted
mining, drilling, logging, fishing