Wars and Conflicts
Revolutions and Reforms
Great Men
Political Ideas
Constitutions and Contracts
100
This war began as an attempt to secure "Lebensraum".
What was World War II?
100
This revolution in Petrograd overthrew the provisional government and gave the power to the local soviets.
What is the October (or Bolshevik) Revolution of 1917?
100
This emperor conquered most of Europe spreading revolutionary ideas.
Who was Napoleon?
100
A form of fascism that incorporates scientific racism and antisemitism, subscribing to the ideas of racial hierarchy and social Darwinism.
What is National Socialism?
100
A peace treaty after WWI that (among other things) gave Poland statehood.
What is the Treaty of Versailles?
200
This long-anticipated conflict began with enthusiasm on all sides and ended with the downfall of the European empires.
What was World War I?
200
These events led to constitutional reform including the establishment of the State Duma, a multi-party system, and a constitution.
What is the Russian Revolution of 1905?
200
His work laid the basis for our current understanding of labor and its relation to capital.
Who was Karl Marx?
200
A form of radical authoritarian nationalism that came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe in opposition to Marxism, traditional conservatism, and liberalism.
What is fascism?
200
A collective defense treaty among eight communist states of Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War.
What was the Warsaw Pact (Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance) 1955?
300
In reaction to this event, the western Allies delivered all necessary goods to Berlin candy (or raisin) bombers.
What was the Berlin Blockade 1948/49?
300
This armed rebellion in the heartland of partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire spread from the army to a larger population. Although politically a loss (Poland lost the last independence it had had to Russia), this rebellion was and still is influential in Polish national memory.
What was the November Uprising in Warsaw 1830/31?
300
This Romanticist poet is regarded as the national bard in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus.
Who was Adam Mickiewicz?
300
A socioeconomic system structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and characterized by the absence of social classes.
What is Communism?
300
This treaty's publicly stated intentions were a guarantee of non-belligerence by each party towards the other and a commitment that neither party would ally itself to or aid an enemy of the other party. In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included a secret protocol that divided territories of Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland into "spheres of influence".
What was the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (Treaty of Non-aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)?
400
The first war with mass media reporting and photographs from the front.
What was the Crimean War?
400
In these revolutionary activities, many of the nationalities ruled by Habsburg tried to gain autonomy, independence, or even hegemony over other nationalities. As a consequence, the already conservative Austrian Empire moved further away from ideas of Enlightenment, restricted freedom of the press, limited many university activities, and banned fraternities.
What were the Revolutions of 1848?
400
This Czech was a writer, philosopher, dissident, and president.
Who was Vaclav Havel?
400
This political movement connected with the Enlightenment rejected the notions of hereditary privilege, state religion, absolute monarchy, and the Divine Right of Kings.
What is liberalism?
400
A conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich. The objective of the gathering was to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.
What was the Congress of Vienna, 1814/15?
500
This military operation started without a formal declaration of war just 16 days after the invasion by another country. It ended with the two-way division and annexation of the entire Second Polish Republic.
What was the Soviet Invasion of Poland 1939?
500
In this reform, Tsar Alexander II got rid of an unjust institution. When and which institution?
What is the Emancipation Reform of 1861 abolishing serfdom in Russia?
500
This tsar abolished Serfdom in Russia.
Who was Alexander II.
500
From a political or sociological perspective, there are two main perspectives on the origins and basis of it: 1. primordialist perspective that describes it as a reflection of the ancient and perceived evolutionary tendency of humans to organize into distinct groupings based on an affinity of birth. 2. modernist perspective that describes it as a recent phenomenon that requires the structural conditions of modern society in order to exist.
What is nationalism?
500
This document transformed the formerly absolutist state into one in which the Russian emperor agreed for the first time to share his autocratic power with a parliament. It was a last-ditch effort by the imperial government to preserve its own existence and keep the nation from sliding into all-out anarchy.
What was the Russian Constitution of 1906?
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