Meiosis & Segregation
This law states that allele pairs separate during gamete formation.
Law of Segregation
A cross of two heterozygotes for one trait produces this phenotypic ratio.
3:1
A heterozygote expressing both traits equally (AB blood type) is an example of this
codominance
This statistical test determines if observed results match expected results.
What is chi-square?
The probability that two independent events occur in sequence is calculated by doing this to their individual probabilities.
multiplying them
Genetic variation increases because homologous chromosomes exchange segments in this phase.
prophase I
This term describes when two alleles separate into different gametes because homologous chromosomes separate.
allele segregation
A heterozygote showing a blended phenotype (pink flowers) is this pattern?
incomplete dominance
When the chi-square value is below the critical value, you do this with the null hypothesis.
Accept it or fail to reject it.
The probability that a heterozygous parent (Aa) passes on the recessive allele.
1/2
Orientation of chromosome pairs on the metaphase plate creates this type of genetic variation.
independent assortment
An organism’s genetic makeup is referred to as this
genotype
This occurs when the phenotype of a heterozygote depends on which parent contributed each allele, often due to methylation.
genomic imprinting
The formula for degrees of freedom in chi-square is this.
(number of categories – 1)
Two carriers of a recessive disorder have this chance of an affected child.
25%
Meiosis results in this number of haploid cells from one diploid cell.
four haploid cells
The F2 generation in a dihybrid cross produces this phenotypic ratio
9:3:3:1
A cross involving one gene with multiple alleles (such as ABO blood type) violates this Mendelian assumption.
the assumption that genes have only two alleles
Chi-square analysis compares observed data to these values.
expected values
Parents with genotypes Aa and aa have offspring with this probability of being heterozygous.
50%
These are the points where homologous chromosomes connect during crossing over.
What are chiasmata
Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment applies only when genes are located this way.
on different chromosomes (or far apart on the same chromosome
When one gene masks the expression of another, this phenomenon occurs.
What is epistasis
If your p-value is less than 0.05, this is true about your results.
they are statistically significant / reject the null hypothesis
If both parents are heterozygous for two traits (AaBb × AaBb), what fraction of offspring will be aabb
1/16