Infectious Disease
Cardiology
Mechanism of Action
"PAN"
Associations
100
intranuclear owl's eyes inclusions: what organism?
What is CMV?
100
A man with angina, syncope, and dyspnea comes in with a cresendo-decresendo systolic ejection murmur, and is found to have delayed carotid upstroke. What is his disease?
What is aortic stenosis? Note: triad, and pulses parvus et tardus.
100
This drug was first discovered as a rat poison because it causes severe hemorrhage. It interferes with normal synthesis and gamma carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors 2, 7, 9, 10, and protein C and S, and clinically will increase PT.
What is warfarin? Used for DVT ppx, watch for skin necrosis, and never give to pregnant women!
100
Alprazolam and other benzodiazepines are used for their sedative effect in this psychopathology.
What is a panic attack?
100
Turner's syndrome is associated with this cardiac defect
What is coarctation of the aorta?
200
Major complication associated with Parvo B19 aka fifth disease infection
What is aplastic anemia?
200
A young athlete that dies suddenly likely has what disease?
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? Think: family history of sudden death, LVOT, and increased murmur with decreased preload. So worse with standing, valsava. This and MVP are the only ones that have this phenomena. No echo screening in US, but this is one of the reasons why all athletes needs to be cleared with an H&P by a healthcare worker.
200
This pyrophosphate analog binds to hydroxyapatite in the bone and ultimately inhibits osteoclast activity.
What is bisphosphantes (-dronates) Watch for corrosive esophagitis, and osteonecrosis of the jaw.
200
Chronic alcoholism is the most common cause of this disease
What is chronic pancreatitis?
200
What disease involves a patient with dry eyes and dry mouth; is associated with other collagen vascular diseases and B cell dysfunction; occurs in women more than men; and poses an increased risk of the patient developing a high-grade B cell lymphoma?
What is Sjogren's disease?
300
Q fever is caused by what organism?
What is Coxiella burnetii?
300
These are PAINFUL palmar nodules seen in a person with bacterial endocarditis.
What is Osler nodes? Janeway lesions are painless. Also think of Roth's spots (retinal hemorrhage), conjunctival injection, splinter hemorrhages.
300
This drug prevents the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the skeletal muscle, and is used for treatment of malignant hyperthermia, a complication of usage of inhaled anesthetics.
What is dantrolene? Its the only drug of its kind.
300
This vasculitis disease is associated with hepatitis B and HIV, and comes with a very poor prognosis.
What is polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), diagnosed with p-ANCA.
300
What bone pathology is associated with teenagers, occurrence in men more than women, hematogenous spread to the lungs, and Codman's triangle on an x-ray?
What is osteosarcoma?
400
What bacteria gets inoculated into the body by a punctur ewound in the skin and also inhibits glycine and GABA?
What is Clostridium tetani? think: lockjaw (trismus), treat with IVIG, and prevent with T-DAP vaccine
400
This drug directly inhibits Na/K ATPase in the heart, and its toxicity is emergently treated with this antidote.
What is digioxin, and digioxin FAB fragments? Na/K repolarizes the cell. Na is now in the cell and and K is outside. Without putting Na back to the outside, the Na/Ca exchanger cannot bring na into the cell in exchange for putting Ca back out. So Ca stays inside the cell, as if in depolarization, and increases inotropy.
400
This combinatino of sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and 5-aminosalicyclic acid (anti-inflammatory) is is used for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
What is sulfasalazine?
400
Carcinoma that occurs in apex of lung and may affect cervical sympathetic plexus.
What is Pancoast tumor? Causes horner's syndrome.
400
With what pathology are bamboo spine on an x-ray and the haplotype HLA-B27 associated?
What is ankylosing spondylitis?
500
What 3 organs are affected by Trypanosoma Cruzi?
What is Cardiomegaly, esophagomegaly, megacolon.
500
An older man dies from an aortic aneurysm dissection. Autospy shows "tree bark" appearnce of the aorta. Diagnosis?
What is tertiary syphilic aortitis? Invasion of the vaso vasorum, which are the small vessels that supply the tunica adventitia. Think also of neurosyphilis (tabes dorsalis, APD), gummatous syphilis (soft balls of tissues all over the body)
500
This drug is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, and is one of the only antidepressants that is also useful for smoking cessation.
What is buproprion? (wellbutrin) buprenorphine (subutex) - opiod addiction tx buspirone (buspar) - serotonin agonist for anxiety
500
A1AT deficiency is associated with what pathological lung finding?
What is panacinar emphysema of the lower lobes
500
What is associated with deposition of an extracellular amorphous substance in the blood vessel walls and connective tissue and green birefringence under polarized light?
What is amyloidosis? Deposition of insoluble proteins Do urine and serum protein electrophoresis, and abdominal fat pad biopsy. Look for someone with restrictive cardiomyopathy and nephrotic syndrome.
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