🧪 Fatty Acid Basics
What are the three types of fatty acids?
Saturated, Polyunsaturated, Monounsaturated
What is cholesterol?
A. A type of carbohydrate found in plant foods
B. A waxy, fat-like substance found in blood and all cells of the body
C. A vitamin that can only be obtained through supplements
D. A mineral essential for bone growth
B. A waxy, fat-like substance found in blood and all cells of the body
How many calories per gram does fat provide?
9 calories
Which of the following is a food source of monounsaturated fat?
A. Butter
B. Corn oil
C. Olive oil
D. Coconut oil
C. Olive oil
Is saturated fat solid or liquid at room temperature?
Solid
What's the "bad" kind of cholesterol called?
LDL
Which type of fat is typically solid at room temperature?
Saturated fat
What is hydrogenation?
A. The process of removing hydrogen from fats
B. Adding hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fat to make it firmer
C. The natural breakdown of fats in the body
D. The extraction of oils from vegetables
B. Adding hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fat to make it firmer
Which vitamins require fat for absorption in the body?
Vitamins A, D, E, and K
Which of the following is NOT a food source of saturated fat?
A. Whole milk
B. Avocados
C. Butter
D. Poultry skin
B. Avocados
Is monounsaturated fat solid or liquid at room temperature?
Liquid
What is the "good" type of cholesterol called?
HDL cholesterol
Which of the following is a characteristic of saturated fatty acids?
A. They have multiple bends in their molecular structure
B. They are typically liquid at room temperature
C. They have chains that are full of hydrogen atoms
D. They lower both HDL and LDL cholesterol
They have chains that are full of hydrogen atoms
What is a trans-fatty acid?
A. A naturally occurring fat found in vegetables
B. A fat that transports vitamins throughout the body
C. A "man-made" fat created through hydrogenation
D. A type of fat that transforms into energy quickly
C. A "man-made" fat created through hydrogenation
Do plants contain cholesterol?
A. Yes, all plants produce cholesterol naturally
B. No, cholesterol is only found in animal products
C. Yes, but only in trace amounts in fruits
D. Yes, but only when processed with oils
B. No, cholesterol is only found in animal products
What is the main difference between butter and margarine?
A. Butter comes from animal sources, while margarine is made from plant fats
B. Butter is lower in calories than margarine
C. Margarine contains no fat
D. Butter is a liquid at room temperature, while margarine is solid
A. Butter comes from animal sources, while margarine is made from plant fats
Is polyunsaturated fat solid or liquid at room temperature?
Liquid
What does saturated fat do to HDL and LDL cholesterol?
Raises both HDL and LDL
Which type of fatty acid raises HDL and lowers LDL cholesterol levels?
Monounsaturated
What does HDL cholesterol do in the body?
Removes excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and carries it to the liver
Which of the following is NOT a function of fat in the body?
A. Provides insulation
B. Protects organs from shock and injury
C. Produces all essential amino acids
D. Carries fat-soluble vitamins
C. Produces all essential amino acids
Which of the following typically contains more saturated fat?
A. Margarine
B. Butter
C. Olive oil
D. Corn oil
B. Butter
Is trans fat solid or liquid at room temperature?
Solid
What does monounsaturated fat do to HDL and LDL cholesterol?
Raises HDL, lowers LDL
Which type of fatty acid lowers both HDL and LDL cholesterol levels?
Pollyunsatruated fat
What does LDL cholesterol do in the body?
Transports cholesterol to cells, but can build up in artery walls
What is "invisible fat"?
It refers to fat that cannot be seen, like in whole milk or egg yolks
Which of the following is more likely to contain trans fats (depending on processing)?
A. Butter
B. Margarine
C. Coconut oil
D. Poultry skin
B. Margarine
Why is it recommended to store fats in tightly covered containers?
To prevent them from going rancid
What does polyunsaturated fat do to HDL and LDL cholesterol?
Lowers LDL, Lowers HDL
Which type of fat is described as having one "bend" in the chain at the molecular level?
Monounsaturated fat
What is the main characteristic of polyunsaturated fats at the molecular level?
A. They have chains completely filled with hydrogen atoms
B. They have one spot where hydrogen is missing
C. They have two or more spots where hydrogen is missing
D. They are chemically altered to become solid
C. They have two or more spots where hydrogen is missing
What is the molecular structure of saturated fatty acids?
A. They contain multiple double bonds and bends in the chain
B. They have one double bond causing a single bend in the chain
C. Their carbon chains are fully saturated with hydrogen atoms and contain no double bonds
D. They form crystalline structures with water molecules
C. Their carbon chains are fully saturated with hydrogen atoms and contain no double bonds
Which of the following foods is highest in polyunsaturated fat?
A. Corn oil
B. Olive oil
C. Coconut oil
D. Butter
A. Corn oil
What happens to polyunsaturated fats at the molecular level that keeps them liquid at room temperature?
A. They have no hydrogen atoms
B. The bends in their structure push them apart, preventing tight stacking
C. They absorb water molecules
D. They have a crystalline structure
B. The bends in their structure push them apart, preventing tight stacking
What does trans fat do to HDL and LDL cholesterol?
Lowers HDL, raises LDL