Levels of Evidence
What is Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)?
Study that follows a group forward over time to see outcomes.
Research that uses numbers, measurements, and hypothesis testing.
p-value ≤ 0.05 indicates this.
What is statistical significance?
Used to describe that what is measured is what was supposed to be measured.
What is Quasi-experimental design?
Study comparing individuals WITH a disease to those WITHOUT to find risk factors.
What is case-control study?
Research focused on understanding experiences and perspectives.
What is Qualitative research?
Describes how big or meaningful an effect is.
What is Effect Size?
Used to describe that the results are consistent and repeatable.
What is reliability?
Study design used when randomization is not feasible; includes cohort and case-control.
What is Observational study?
Study that looks at data at ONE point in time.
What is Cross-sectional study?
Variable that the researcher controls.
What is the Independent variable?
Range where the true value likely exists.
What is Confidence Interval?
Term that indicates the findings can be applied to other populations.
What is Generalizability?
Lowest level of evidence used when research is limited.
What is expert opinion?
Study that examines relationships between variables without intervention.
What is a correlational (descriptive) study?
Outcome that is measured as a result of the intervention.
What is the dependent variable?
Test used to compare means between TWO independent groups.
What is an Independent t-test?
Using multiple data sources to strengthen qualitative research.
What is Triangulation?
Synthesizes results from multiple studies using statistical methods.
What is Meta-analysis?
Study designed to test effectiveness in real-world clinical settings.
What is Pragmatic trial?
Combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches.
What is mixed-methods study?
Test used to compare proportions between groups.
What is Chi-square test?
What is Confounding?