Independent & Dependent Variables + APA
A researcher implements hourly rounding and measures fall rates.
What is the independent variable?
Hourly rounding (intervention)
True or False:
Qualitative research primarily uses numerical data.
False
What is the primary goal of experimental research?
To establish cause-and-effect relationships
During a study about safe staffing ratios, a hospital implements a new staffing model that affects results.
This is what type of threat to internal validity?
Historical
Reliability = _______ and Validity = __________
Reliability = consistency
Validity = accuracy
A researcher implements hourly rounding and measures fall rates.
What is the dependent variable?
Fall rates (outcome measured)
Which qualitative method investigates lived experiences?
Phenomenology
Which design lacks manipulation and randomization?
Nonexperimental design.
Participants complete a pre-test before participating in a research study. At the conclusion of the study they complete the same post-test.
What external threat to validity is this an example of?
Measurement threat
What is the minimal value of a reliability coefficient (r-value) for an instrument to be considered reliable?
0.70
A nurse researcher introduces a mindfulness program and measures stress levels.
Identify the independent and dependent variables.
Which qualitative approach seeks to generate a theory from collected data?
Grounded Theory
What are the three elements of a randomized controlled trial?
Participants change behavior because they know they are being observed.
This is an example of what type of threat to external validity?
Which type of validity is demonstrated by examining the extent to which a passing grade in Health Assessment forecasts the likelihood of passing the registered nurse licensure examination?
Predictive Validity
Which of the following is the correct APA formatting for a narrative citation of a source with 3 authors?
1. Smith et al., 2018,
2. Smith et al. (2018)
2. Smith et al. (2018)
Researchers immerse themselves in a community to understand cultural beliefs.
Which qualitative design is this?
Ethnography
Caregivers for Type 1 diabetic patients were surveyed one time 6 months after diagnosis to assess barriers to diet and medication compliance.
What type of study is this an example of?
Non-experimental - Cross-sectional
What threat to internal validity is most closely associated with a longitudinal design?
Mortality
Which type of reliability can be defined as consistency of observation between two or more research assistants?
Interrater Reliability
Which of the following is a correct APA parenthetical citation for a source with 2 authors?
1. (Lobiondo-Wood and Haber, 2022).
2. (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2022).
2. (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2022).
What is it called when no new information is coming in from study participants?
Data Saturation
Data-collection surveys were sent to the same sample of women at six different times during their first two years of living with breast cancer. What type of study design does this exemplify?
Non-experimental - Longitudinal
What does external validity mean?
Researchers used a tool to measure anxiety in school children. To measure the validity of the tool they used a second, well-known instrument to measure anxiety in children. What type of validity were they utilizing?
Concurrent