Key Terms
The separation of people based on their race.
What is segregation?
The amendment that made slavery illegal in the United States.
What is the 13th Amendment?
After his election in 1877, Northern troops left the South and Reconstruction officially ended.
Who is Rutherford B. Hayes?
Northerners came to the South to help rebuild after the Civil War and some came to take advantage of a bad situation and tried to get rich quick or gain power or influence for themselves.
What are carpetbaggers?
His plan was called the Ten Percent Plan. Allowed states to be readmitted once 10% of the population took an oath of allegiance.
Who was Abraham Lincoln?
These laws limited the rights of freed African Americans in the South.
What are Black Codes?
To charge an official with wrongdoing.
What is impeach?
Two ways sharecropping was different from slavery.
1) The tenant farmers were not owned by the land owners
2) The tenant farmers could sell their crop to make money
3) The tenant farmers were responsible for their own needs
This derogatory term was used to describe Southerners who cooperated with Northern agents or African Americans during the Reconstruction Era.
What is 'scalawag'?
His plan allowed former Confederate military and political leaders to ask for amnesty and pardons. Very lenient on the South.
Who was Andrew Johnson?
A system of farming that allowed freedmen to rent and work a landowner's property in exchange for a portion of their crop. This system usually traps the tenant farmer in a cycle of debt.
What is sharecropping?
The amendment that made all people born in the United States citizens of the United States (except Native Americans).
What is the 14th Amendment?
Became President after Abraham Lincoln's death.
Who is Andrew Johnson?
An agency established by the federal government to provide food, clothing, education, medical help, legal help and employment help for African Americans and poor whites in the South.
What is the Freedman's Bureau?
This group's plan required southern states to abolish slavery and give all men the right to vote.
Who were the Radical Republicans?
Laws that legally separated or segregated blacks and whites. These laws created separate facilities, such as restrooms, schools, hospitals, water fountains, etc., for each race.
What are "Jim Crow" Laws?
This amendment gave African American men the right to vote (women, both black and white would have to wait another 62 years!).
What is the 15th Amendment?
A decorated Civil War hero, this President served during the Reconstruction Era after President Johnson.
Who is Ulysses Grant?
One reason that Congress was angry about President Johnson's Reconstruction plan.
1) Johnson pardoned Confederate leaders and allowed them back into state governments
2) Johnson vetoed laws designed to protect equal rights for African Americans
He proposed a law to take away land in the South and give it to Freedmen in 40 acre farms. He was a fierce abolitionist from Pennsylvania.
Who was Thaddeus Stevens?
A secret group of white supremacists terrorized southern Blacks to prevent them from exercising their rights (especially their right to vote).
What is the Ku Klux Klan
This Supreme Court decision upheld the legality of segregation in the South. This decision coined the phrase "separate but equal".
What is Plessy vs. Ferguson?
Two criteria established by Lincoln that a confederate state must meet before being allowed back in the Union.
1) 10% of population must swear an oath of loyalty to the U. S.
2) ratificaion of the 13th Amendment
What is the definition of suffrage? How did Jim Crow Laws affect African American's suffrage?
Suffrage is the right to vote in political elections, and Jim Crow Laws denied African American's suffrage.
Congressional plan for Reconstruction that required a majority of voters to swear loyalty before readmittance.
What was the Wade-Davis Bill?