Category 1: Culture and Communication
This hypothesis says the language a person speaks guides how they conceptualize the world, without determining it
What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (linguistic relativity)?
AAE, Appalachian English, and Chicano English are all examples of this, which SLPs must recognize as rule-governed systems rather than disorders.
What are language variations (dialects)?
This term refers to membership in a cultural and linguistic minority group related to hearing status.
What is capital Deaf?
In an ethnographic interview, this person decides what is most important to share, not the clinician's checklist.
Who is the interviewee (the client or family)?
The three phases of the BID process.
What are Briefing, Interaction, and Debriefing?
In this type of communication, meaning is conveyed through gestures, nonverbal cues, and indirect speech that outsiders may miss.
What is high-context communication?
A parent asks whether to stop speaking Spanish at home so their child learns English faster. The evidence-based response is this.
What is no, because maintaining the home language supports overall development and does not delay English?
Kleinman's questions, such as "What do you fear most about your sickness?", belong to this model, which helps clinicians understand clients' attitudes toward their hearing status.
What is the Explanatory Model?
"Tell me about what happens at bedtime in your house" is this type of descriptive question.
What is a mini-tour question?
Everyday social language takes about two years to acquire, but this academic and technical language takes 5-7+ years, so a bilingual office worker may lack it.
What is CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency)?
A clinician's tone of voice, volume, and pitch fall under this type of nonverbal communication.
What is paralinguistics?
A preschooler says "The car blue" because Spanish adjectives follow nouns. Name this phenomenon and say whether it signals a disorder.
What is linguistic transfer, and no, it is not indicative of a disorder?
A clinician tells a Deaf teenager’s parents, “The most important goal is getting her to speak like everyone else.” This reflects this belief that being able to hear or act like hearing people makes someone superior.
What is audism?
A mother repeats "he gets really frustrated." The SLP asks, "What kinds of things happen when he gets frustrated?" Name the strategy being used and the structural question type.
What are following the interviewee's markers, and an inclusion question?
Under CLAS Standard 5, this must happen before a patient can choose to use a family member as an interpreter.
What is informing the patient that a free interpreter is available?
In this type of communication, people primarily use the linguistic code to convey meaning, so you don’t need to know the cultural context to understand the message.
What is low-context communication?
A 6-year-old who has been in the U.S. for five months uses single words and chunks like "bathroom," "water," and "my turn." This is the stage of second language acquisition.
What is early production?
When a family is deciding whether their DHOH child will communicate in one or two languages, the SLP’s role is to do this.
What is share evidence-based information about multilingualism and guide the family in making an informed decision?
During an interview, a father says Saturdays are for cooking with her grandmother and telling stories. Cooking and storytelling are examples of this, which a clinician can build intervention around.
What are funds of knowledge?
An interpreter adds a comment the SLP never said while interpreting. This violates this core responsibility.
What is accuracy (nothing added, nothing omitted)?
A student shrugs and tilts their head when unsure. Name the nonverbal type for this example.
What is kinesics?
A 7-year-old African American child says “He walk to school” and “My brother play with me.” Is this a disorder? Explain the SLP’s role in making that call.
No, it reflects a rule-governed language variation (a language difference), not a disorder. The SLP’s role is to distinguish linguistic variation from true speech, language, and hearing disorders, using tools like dynamic assessment, observation, and knowledge of the dialect’s rules.
You are an English-speaking audiologist testing a bilingual Spanish-English client's speech recognition. This modification best fits your situation.
What is using pairs of numbers (digits) instead of words?
In an ethnographic interview, this type of question comes first, after you explain the purpose of the interview.
What is a grand-tour question?
The interpreter speaks much longer than the client did and answers for the client without asking. These are red flags that the interpreter is violating this core responsibility.
What is a boundary-crossing?