European Middle Ages
This system organized society into kings, nobles, knights, and peasants.
What is feudalism?
The Renaissance began in this country.
What is Italy?
This German monk started the Reformation in 1517.
Who is Martin Luther?
This tool allowed scientists to study the stars and planets more closely.
What is the telescope?
This type of ruler has complete control over the government.
What is an absolute monarch?
People in the Middle Ages believed in this religion across most of Europe.
What is Christianity/Catholicism?
This invention by Johannes Gutenberg helped spread ideas quickly.
What is the printing press?
Luther protested against the sale of these by the Catholic Church.
What are indulgences?
This method relies on observation, experimentation, and evidence.
What is the scientific method?
This French king said, “I am the state.”
Who is Louis XIV?
These wars were fought between Christians and Muslims over the Holy Land.
What are the Crusades?
This family became powerful rulers and supporters of the arts in Florence.
Who were the Medici?
This document listed Luther’s complaints against the Church.
What are the 95 Theses?
Before the Scientific Revolution, many Europeans relied on this source for answers about nature and the universe.
What is the Church/the Bible/tradition?
Louis XIV built this famous palace outside Paris.
What is Versailles?
This deadly disease killed millions of Europeans in the 1300s.
What is the Black Death/Bubonic Plague?
This Renaissance idea focused on human potential and achievements.
What is Humanism?
This Christian church dominated Europe before the Reformation.
What is the Catholic Church?
This was one major effect of the Scientific Revolution on European society.
What is increased questioning of authority/advances in science and medicine/spread of new ideas?
This Russian ruler westernized Russia and built St. Petersburg.
Who is Peter the Great?
The fall of this empire caused the Middle Ages to begin.
What is Rome?
This guy wrote various plays during the Renaissance.
What is Shakespear?
This Catholic response to the Reformation corrected abuses and reaffirmed Church teachings.
What is the Counter-Reformation?
This idea stated that the sun is at the center of the solar system.
What is heliocentrism?
This idea claimed that monarchs received their authority directly from God.
What is divine right?