Theorists
What theorist believes in the Zone Of Proximal and Scaffolding?
Lev Vygotsky
What are the four types of Language?
1.Receptive Language: the language you are able to understand.
2.Expressive Language: the language you use to communicate with others (your
thoughts, ideas, wants, and needs).
3.Verbal Language: Spoken Language
4.Non-verbal language: Gestures, Facial Expressions
Is a focused observation technique used to understand specific incidents or behaviors. It involves noting and recording the occurrence of a carefully specified behavior whenever it is seen.
Event Sampling
What do parents and educators need to provide when it comes to infants speech and language development?
Encourage sound making.
Encourage infants to look at the speaker.
Speak clearly and model accurate speech.
Be an animated speaker.
Explain what is happening and what will happen next.
Sing songs and do finger plays with children at any age.
Is the sound system of a language. A Phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in language. Vowel and consonant sounds use different parts of the mouth to produce. By age 7 or 8, all 50 basic sound units are usually perfected
PHONOLOGY
Behaviorist theories of language development claim that infants learn language through parental reinforcement or word-like sounds and correct grammar.
B.F. Skinner
What are the Factors Affecting Language Acquisition?
1. Sensory-Motor Development
2. Social and Emotional Environments
3. Mental Maturity
4. Curiosity
5. Cultural and Social Focus
Is an assessment method used to evaluate students' reading fluency, ability to use reading strategies, and readiness to advance. It is used to collect information on young readers who are still reading aloud and working on basic skills. A running record captures both how well a student reads (the number of words they read correctly) and their reading behaviors (what they say and do as they read). It is an individually conducted formative assessment, which is ongoing and curriculum based.
Shorter version of this method is called what?
Running Record
Anecdotal Record
How can we promote Language Development in the classroom for infants and toddlers?
1. Read Beginner Picture Board Books
2. Felt Stories
3. Sing Songs
4. Finger Plays
Is the meaning of words and sentences. Toddlers absorb meanings from verbal and non-verbal communication that is sent and received. Toddlers learn to form concepts of words, which is the recognition of two or more distinguishing features. Toddlers might call all animals dogs, or all women mommies.
SEMANTICS
Interactionists assert that infants are biologically prepared to attend to language and that language development is a sub-process of cognitive development. They believe social interactions are critical to language development.
Lois Bloom
Melissa Bowerman
Michael Tomasello
Lev Vygotsky
What are the 4 Areas of Language Arts?
1. Listening (We Hear Speech, We Listen to others reading orally, We listen and write
what we hear)
2. Speaking (We speak to a listener, We put speech into written form, We read
orally)
3. Writing (Pre-Writing) We write what is spoken and hear. We read and verbalize
what has been written.
4. Reading (Pre-Reading) We read written words. We listen to another reading. We
read speech that has been written.
Is used to document the amount of time a student spends engaging in a behavior. A behavior that has a clear beginning and ending can be observed.
Duration Record
When a infant or toddler is delayed in their speech who do they go and see?
Speech - Language Pathology
This is the practical use of language. Children learn: Language is a tool for questioning, ordering, and achieving social actions. Language is used to get a message across. Language is understood to mean different concepts in different contexts.
PRAGMATICS
Nativist theories of language development state that an innate language processor, called the language acquisition device (LAD) contains the basic grammatical structure of all human language. This guides the child’s comprehension and production of language.
Noam Chomsky
What are other forms of language in communication?
1. Omissions (a person or thing that has been left out or excluded)
2. Substitutions (the action of replacing someone or something with another person or thing)
3. Overregularization (is a part of the language-learning process in which children extend regular grammatical patterns to irregular words, such as using " goed " for " went", or " tooths" for " teeth". It is a transient error in linguistic development where language rules are applied too generally, rather than according to the idiosyncracies that all languages possess.)
4. Telegraphic Speech (Sending Coded Messages)
Time Sampling
Infants have two types of languages?
Expressive language is the ability to express thoughts, needs, feelings, and ideas. It can be done through language, written or verbal, or any other way of catching attention (such as making a gesture or noise). Expressive language skills include being able to label objects in the environment, describe actions and events, put words together in sentences, use grammar correctly, and communicate through gestures, signs, and/or symbols.
This category includes rules of grammar and word order in sentences. Children speak and follow the rules of their native language. Some languages have gender. (For example, French has male and female nouns and articles). What other languages have gender? By age 18 months to 2 years, children begin to string together two or more phrases to initiate conversations and share information.
SYNTACTICS
The four Cognitive Development 1) Sensory Motor Stage, 2) Pre-Optional Stage, 3) Formal Stage and 4, Concrete Stage.
Jean Piaget
Research shows that infants who have two languages benefits with a boarder vocabulary. These are known as what?
1. Bilingual
2. Monolingual
Is a fundamental statistical technique used to summarize and analyze data sets by counting the number of occurrences of each unique value within a dataset. This method is particularly useful in various fields, including data analysis, statistics, and data science, as it provides a clear picture of how often certain values appear.
Frequency Count
Infants have two types of languages?
Can be defined as: the ability, confidence and willingness to engage with language to acquire, construct and communicate meaning in all aspects of daily living.
What is Literacy