Behaviour
Down Syndrome
LD
Trauma
Anxiety
100
All behaviour is _______________
Communication
100
What is Down Syndrome?
Genetic condition caused by an extra chromosome 21 One in 700 - 900 live births A syndrome …. Impact varies widely, from medical complications to healthy lives in children
100
Describe Learning Disability
A syndrome; impact learning (academic achievement) “Group of related and over-lapping conditions” (Winzer, 2008) Cross-cultural Life-span
100
What are 3 types of trauma?
Acute (single event; limited in time) Chronic (multiple events) System induced (long-term hospitalizatipn/multiple placements) Vicarious (burn-out; caregiver fatigue) Complex (chronic exposure; sustained & at early age)
100
What is anxiety?
Anxiety (and depression) reflect that our “coping” systems are misfiring or “unregulated”
200
Involuntary behaviour is _______ Voluntary behaviour is ________
Reflexive Voluntary
200
How might DS impact communication?
Delayed; become strong communicators Verbal memory delayed, which impacts learning of words & grammar
200
What are the potential etiologies of an LD?
Genetics Brain dysfunction (illness/accident) Environmental deprivation
200
What the potential impacts of trauma?
Neurological - structural changes in brain Biological - physical changes (white hair) Psychological - changes in thinking/perception Social - changes in social behaviour (isolation)
200
What is the positive stress response?
Keeps us safe; protective response to the environment (fright, flight or fight) Intensifies your senses (sight, sound, smell) Prepares you for action (flight, fright and fight) There is an optimal level (desirable) of anxiety to increase functioning (protection
300
What is a Behavioural Disorder?
Extreme response to environment Sustained rather than episodic or transient Interferes in development/functioning
300
What are potential impacts of DS on cognitive development?
IQ mild to moderate range for mental handicap Ability to process visual and spatial information in short-term memory is better than language-based learning opportunities Long-term memory not impacted; short-term maybe challenged Attention not usually a concern; some infants have a short attention span and require ongoing support
300
Give 3 potential impacts of LD on cognitive development.
memory deficits for both auditory and visual stimuli problems recognizing, discriminating, and interpreting incoming data may lack the awareness of metacognitive strategies concept development may be deficient problems in abstraction, conceptualization, and generalization
300
What are some potential signs of trauma an individual may experience?
Anger Hostility Inability to trust Hyper-vigilant (see danger even when there isn't any) Anxious/worry Emotionally reactive Difficulty calming self Regression is skills (behave/act younger) Reject support from others
300
Describe a generalized Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety/worry that lead to a sense of “distress” Difficulty controlling/managing the anxiety/worry Anxiety associated with 3 or more of the following for six months or longer: *Restlessness/feeling on edge *Easily fatigued *Difficulty concentrating *Irritability *Muscle tension *Sleep disturbances
400
What is the means and function of behaviour? Give an example.
Means is how the behaviour is performed and function is the message. Means (scream) Function (protest/message)
400
What are some of the strengths of an individual living with DS?
Memory Insight/perception Creativity Friendly Honest Determined
400
What are some of the potential impacts of LD on behaviour?
less attentive in school demonstrates less task-oriented behaviour off-task behaviour may be hyperactive impulsive tends to perseverate
400
What is the potential change in the stress response for individuals who have experienced trauma?
Hyper-sensitve to stress (low threshold) (poor tolerance to everyday stressors) Hypervigilant (attention is focused on need for safety)
400
What are phobias?
Specific and exaggerated/excessive fear of an object/situation Avoidant behaviour (of the object/situation); interferes with daily living Insight; awareness of illogical/unreasonableness of the fear Connecting with feared object/situation triggers an immediate anxiety response (can cause a panic attack)
500
What is a functional assessment of behaviour? What assumptions are made about behaviour?
Assessment (systematic) done in regards to behaviour to identify how to change it. Predicated on 3 basic assumptions Behaviour is functional/serves purpose Behaviour caused by environmental factors & of the child Identification of the above = positive behaviour interventions
500
What are some of the potential physical impacts on development of a person living with DS? (list 4)
Challenges more about delay than disability Motor skills develop generally in typical sequence Strength and balance may be impacted due to low-tone (hypotonia) Variation in rates of progress May have significant medical needs (ears, heart, eyes, intestinal)
500
What might you "see" in a person living with an LD?
poor problem-solving strategies difficulties moving between activities (transition/shifting) disorganized poor social relations/skills poor recall of number, names, address may seem "clumsy" poor sequencing (putting in order) easily distracted
500
What positive message do we understand about trauma? What helps?
Positive experiences Safe, secure and stable housing Available caregivers Sense of competency Resiliency (already there or developed)
500
Give five common symptoms of anxiety in children.
#1 symptom is…. Stomach ache Irritable/cries easily Fidget/nervous habits Sleep problems Headaches/stomach/pain Clingy/over-dependent Poor coping Inflexible/unable to change easily (code shifting)/persevervates Difficulty demonstrating skill/knowledge Perfectionist/looks obsessive
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