Nature VS Nurture
In development, nature refers to the traits and limits that everyone inherited genetically from their parents.
What does nature mean?
Psychosocial stage is when Erikson described eight developmental stages, characterized by a developmental crisis. (For example: trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame and doubt. Initiative vs guilt, industry vs inferiority)
What is the psychosocial stage?
Shaken baby syndrome means a life-threatening injury that occurs when an infant is forcefully shaken back and forth; that ruptures blood vessels in the brain and breaks neural connections.
What does shaken baby syndrome mean?
Erikson’s first crisis in psychosocial development. Infants learn basic trust if the world is a secure place where their basic needs.
What does trust vs mistrust mean?
Red, watery eyes; can be viral or bacterial and spread easily through contact.
What is pink eye?
In nature vs nurture, Myopia (nearsightedness) is the most common visual problem, mostly because of genes and urbanization and screentime.
What suggests that nearsightedness is affected by nurture?
The three things are that theories produce hypotheses, generate discoveries, and offer practical guidance.
What three things do theories do?
Brain functions that depend on variable experiences and therefore may or may not develop in a particular infant.
What does experiment-dependent mean?
If Freud’s oral needs are not met, this could lead to an oral fixation. Adults with oral fixation are stuck at the oral stage, and they eat, drink, bite or talk excessively still seeking mouth-related pleasures of infancy.
What did Freud say if a baby’s oral needs are not met?
200 viruses can cause a common cold.
How many viruses can cause a common cold?
The idea that people vary in how sensitive they are to experiences.
What does differential susceptibility mean?
An example of operant conditioning is a child doesn’t get to eat dessert, but a child who dislikes the dessert, doesn’t see t as a punishment
What is an example of operant conditioning?
The argument for bed-sharing is that parents can quickly respond to a hungry or frightened baby. The argument against bed-sharing is that there can double the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.
What are the arguments for and against bed-sharing?
Babies feel secure when food and comfort are provided with “consistency, continuity and sameness of experience” If social interaction inspires trust, the child (later the adult) confidently explores the social world.
How might Erikson’s crisis of “trust vs mistrust” affect later life?
Need plain liquid soap, water and disposable paper towels. Wash hands for at least 20 seconds. Rinse well. Use disposable paper towels to dry hands and throw towels into the garbage. IF soap and water is not available, use alcohol-based hand sanitizer/ Keep hands wet for 15-30 seconds.
How do you wash your hands effectively?
Alcohol dependence is from alleles which create an addictive pull that can be overpowering. This can be seen as a genetic condition and a cultural one.
Is alcohol dependence on a genetic condition or a cultural one?
Thinking is affected by neurons, synopsis, and neurotransmitters of the brain.
What is the emphasis on informational processing?
The relationship is that experiences and correct sensory processing are essential for motor development.
What is the relationship between motor skills and senses?
Proximal parenting is when being physically close to a baby, often holding and touching and distal parenting is when parent keeps the distance, providing toys, encouraging self-feeding, talking face to face instead of touch.
What is the difference between proximal parenting and distal parenting?
Infections spread through many ways, such as through air, by contact, blood or bodily fluids, common contaminated sources, by insects or animals.
How do infections spread?
The question is what affects human development more, nature or nurture.
What basic question is at the heart of the nature-nurture controversy?
Piaget maintains the cognitive development of how children think changes from time and experience.
What does Piaget believe in Cognitive Theory?
Infants need stimulation, not stress, experience basic and experiences to grow, and good sleep.
What should caregivers remember about brain development when infant care?
The high-quality day care has adequate attention to each infant. IT also has encouragement of language and sensorimotor development, attention to health and safety, professional caregivers and warm and responsive caregivers. The low-quality infant day care is when these characteristics are not met.
What distinguishes high-quality from low-quality infant day care?
Medication needs to be administered by the educators and it has to be specific to each child.