Dextrocardia
Pulmonary Insufficiency
Pericarditis
Pericardial Effusion
Misc.
100

What is Dextrocardia?

A condition where your heart is located in the right side of your chest and points to the right

100

What is Pulmonary Insufficiency?

The result of an incompetent pulmonic valve that permits backward diastolic flow from the pulmonary artery, through the PV (while it is closed), into the RV.

100
What is pericarditis?

An infiltration of inflammatory cells into the pericardium

100

What is a pericardial effusion?

Presence of an abnormal amount or type of fluid between the parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium 

100

Name 3 ways to diagnose dextrocardia

Echo, EKG, CT scan, Chest Xray, Heart MRI, Physical exam, prenatal ultrasound

200

What causes Dextrocardia?

Genetic changes in early pregnancy

200

Name 2 causes of PI

·Incomplete PV closure 

·Infective endocarditis/vegetation 

·Rheumatic Heart disease, although it usually attacks the MV and AOV prior to the PV 

·Congenital Anomalies (Tetralogy of Fallot, VSD, Valvular pulmonic stenosis)

·Carcinoid Heart Disease 

200

Name 2 signs/symptoms of pericarditis 

  • Pericardial Friction Rub
  • EKG changes
  • Sharp, stabbing chest pain that radiates to the shoulder, often relieved by sitting up, leaning forward, and avoiding deep breaths
  • Fever
  • Weakness
  • Shortness of breath 
  • Palpitations 
  • Cough
  • Labs show elevated inflammatory markers
200

Name 3 causes of a pericardial effusion

  • Autoimmune/inflammatory/connective tissue disorders
  • Benign or malignant tumor, or metastatic cancer to the pericardium
  • Drug induced 
  • Infectious (viral, bacterial, fungal, HIV/AIDS, TB)
  • Kidney failure
  • Post MI or cardiac surgery 
  • Radiation or chemo therapy
200

Name one drainage procedure for a pericardial effusion

Pericardiocentesis, open heart surgery, removal of the pericardium

300

There are ___ types of dextrocardia?

3

300

Severe PI may lead to:

Right HF 

300

Name 2 causes of pericarditis

 Immune system response after heart    damage due to heart attack or heart surgery 

· Infection 

· Inflammatory disorders 

· Injury to the heart or chest 

· Other chronic health conditions, including kidney failure and cancer

300

Name 2 symptoms of a pericardial effusion

asymptomatic, chest pain, palpitations, cough, hoarseness, SOB, difficulty swallowing, nausea, lightheaded, feeling of abdominal fullness, anxiety, confusion, syncope, swelling in legs

300

Trivial/Mild PI is present in up to:

87% of patients 

400

What complications can you have with dextrocardia? Name 2

Blocked Intestines, HF, Infections, Infertility, Recurrent sinus infections and pneumonia, Respiratory failure

400

What is the PR murmur? 

a low pitched diastolic murmur that may increase with inspiration

400
How is pericarditis treated? Name 2

Medications, Pericardiocentesis, Removal of the pericardium 

400

How do you diagnose a pericardial effusion? Name 2. 

physical exam, echo, EKG, Chest xray 
400

How does your heart sit normally?

left side of your chest and points to the left 

500

When was Dextrocardia first identified?

1600s

500
When pulmonary hypertension is present with PR, what murmur is heard?

Graham Steele Murmur 

A high pitched blowing diastolic murmur 

500

What will the pericardium look like on echo?

Thickened 

500

What do you rule out when a pericardial effusion is present?

Tamponade

500

What are frequently present with a long standing pericardial effusion or one that is associated with metastatic disease?

Fibrin strands 

M
e
n
u