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What are the 3 treatment options for cardiac tamponade?
TAP, Pericardial window, pericardectomy
How do you tell the difference between a pericardial effusion and plueral?
pericardial is seen anterior to dao and does not change with resp, pleural is posterior to dao and may change with resp
CMO
Cardiomyopathy
What is the normal cardiac output?
4-8l/min
What are the 4 stages of the cardiac cycle?
IVCT, systole, IVRT, diastole
swinging heart
Which type of pericardial effusion is most often caused by infection?
Exudative
IHD
Ischemic heart disease
What is the normal stroke volume?
70-100ml
What does the atrial kick correlate with on ekg
p-wave
What is the valve of the CS?
Thebesian valve
Acute MI, dissection, blunt trauma, cardia perforation.
WMA
Wall motion abnormality
What are the components of the conduction system?
AV node, SA node, Bundle of HIS, R & L bundle branches, purkinje fibers
What increases preload?
regurg, asd,vsd, pda
The remnant of the foramen ovale is the:
fossa ovalis
Echo-free space commonly seen anterior to the RVFW
epicardial fat
BSA
Body surface area
What is the normal EF?
53-73%
What increases afterload?
AS,PS, Systemic HTN, PHTN
If only the Purkinje fibers are working, what will the heart rate be?
20-40
What is beck's triad?
hypotension, muffled heart sounds, increased venous pressure (distended neck veins)
LVPW
left ventricular posterior wall
What is the term for excessive wall motion?
hyperkinetic
REF accounts for approx_____________% of ventricular filling
75%