50 Shades of Grey
This echocardiographic view best demonstrates the left ventricle, left atrium, mitral valve, and aortic valve in a single image.
What is the parasternal long-axis (PLAX) view?
This valve consists of two leaflets
What is the mitral valve
This Doppler tehnique is useful in determining velocity in a specific location
What is pulsed wave Doppler
When the velocity exceeds the Nyquist limit and wraps around the display; this is called
What is Aliasing
The patient should be lying in this position for most echos
What is Left Lateral Decubitus
This great vessel is always found most anterior
What is the pulmonary artery
This standard echocardiographic window is typically obtained at the left 3rd–4th intercostal space near the sternum.
What is the parasternal window?
This Doppler tool is useful to measure high velocities despite its range ambiguity
What is continuous wave Doppler
The best 2D picture is obtained when the beam is aligned _____ to the beam
What is perpendicular
In echo color Doppler imaging flow towards the transducer is displayed in this color.
What is RED?
Remember: Doppler frequency shift explains why blood flow toward the transducer is displayed in red on standard color Doppler maps.
PLAX stands for what
What is the parasternal long axis view
The view obtained when the transducer is pointed towards the right hip
What is the RV inflow?
The RV Inflow shows the RV, the RA and the Tricuspid Valve.
This non-imaging probe is used to obtain CW Doppler velocities.
What is the pedoff probe?
This transducer characteristic is most commonly used in adult (TTE) echocardiography to allow deeper imaging of the heart.
What is low-frequency (phased-array) transducer?
This basic quantitative parameter estimates the percentage of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each beat.
What is ejection fraction?
This PSAX view is consistent with the LV cavity at mid ventricle
What is the PSAX papillary muscle view?
In the PLAX view the index marker is position in this way.
What is toward the patient's right shoulder?
This Doppler mode is best for measuring high-velocity blood flow, such as across stenotic valves.
What is continuous-wave Doppler?
The highest Doppler velocity is obtained when the Doppler is ______ to the flow
What is Parallel
This chamber is the most posterior chamber in the heart
What is the Left Atrium
The view obtained when the PLAX is angled to the left shoulder.
What is the Right Ventricular Outflow view?
The RVOT view shows the RV, the pulmonic valve and the MPA.
Anterior views are always at which portion of the echo sector image
What is the top of the sector
This formula converts velocity to pressure
What is the Bernouli equation (4V2)?
The simplified Bernoulli equation for ultrasound is ΔP ≈ 4V², used in echocardiography to estimate the pressure gradient (ΔP in mmHg) across a narrowed area like a heart valve, where V is the peak velocity (in m/s) measured by Doppler
This Doppler limitation affects pulsed-wave Doppler when evaluating high-velocity cardiac flows such as valve stenosis.
What is aliasing?
Refers to the end diastolic volume in the ventricle.
What is preload?