Microsystem
This is the _________ layer of the Ecological Systems Theory
Innermost
This is the ______ level of the Ecological Systems Theory.
Second
Third
This is the ______ level of the Ecological Systems Theory.
Fourth
Added to the Ecological Systems Theory in ____.
1989
Name one interaction with an individual or setting that one would have at this level.
Multiple answers (i.e. parent, sibling, peer, school, home, workplace)
Microsystems
Name one social setting that individuals are not directly involved in, yet are influenced by.
Multiple answers (parental workplace, community services/institutions, school policies, media, technology, government/economic policy)
Focuses on the _____-cultural environment, the _______ in which one lives
Socio, society
Focuses on the _______ of events and its impact on development.
Chronology, timing, etc
Relationships in this system are __-directional
Social, directly
Name one aspect of society that the macrosystem examines.
Ideology, policy, values, traditions, culture, income, laws
Name a personal or life transition that would be examined as part of the chronosystem.
Puberty, marriage, death, traumatic event, graduation, level of education, burial rites, religious ceremonies.
Define bi-directional in the context of the Ecological Systems Theory.
Reciprocal relationships in which individuals influence each other or their environment, and are influenced by others or their setting, all forms of which serve as forms of direct socialization.
Name one member of the mesosystem that aids in socialization.
Multiple answers (school, peers, family).
Distinguish between the exosystem and the microsystem.
The microsystem consists of the immediate environments where an individual directly interacts (e.g., family, school, peers), while the exosystem involves external environments that indirectly influence the individual through their effects on the microsystems.
Distinguish between the macrosystem and the exosystem.
The macrosystem focuses on societal-level influences (laws, policies, ideology, general to a large number of people) that shape individual development, the exosystem focuses on indirect environments (parents' workplace, local community policies) that contribute to socialization.
Distinguish between the chronosystem and the microsystem.
The microsystem refers to the immediate environments where an individual directly interacts (e.g., family, school), while the chronosystem considers the dimension of time and how life events and societal changes over time influence development.
Why did Urie Bronfenbrenner design the Ecological Systems Theory?
Hoped to conceptualize the external influences of human behaviour, believed that genetics and/or biological pre-disposition to certain traits were not the only influences on behaviour.
Name one difference between the microsystem and mesosystem.
The microsystem focuses on the immediate environment in which an individual interacts with others.
The mesosystem examines the relationships between various microsystems, rather than focusing on one individually.
Distinguish between the exosystem and the mesosystem.
The mesosystem focuses on the interactions and connections between microsystems (e.g., family and school), while the exosystem involves external environments (e.g., a parent's workplace) that influence the individual indirectlythrough their impact on the microsystems.
Distinguish between the macrosystem and the microsystem.
The microsystem includes the immediate environments where an individual directly interacts (e.g., family, school), while the macrosystem encompasses the broader societal, cultural, and ideological contexts that influence all the other systems in an individual’s life.
Distinguish between the chronosystem and the exosystem.
The chronosystem focuses on the impact of time and life transitions over an individual’s development, while the exosystem involves external environments that indirectly influence the individual through their effects on microsystems.