Levels of Organization/Criteria of Life
Give an example of a community of organisms.
A population of deer, a population of birds, and a population of plants living in the same area.
List two abiotic and two biotic limiting factors.`
climate/natural disasters
predation/competition/disease
What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?
Primary - new ecosystem formation (not one there before)
Secondary - recovery of an old ecosystem
What is the difference between inter and intra specific competition?
intra = within species
inter = agst different species
What is the main difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?
sexual = 2 parents make genetically unique offspring
asexual = one parent makes genetically identical offpsring
Give one example for each. How do humans negatively impact the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles?
Water: deforestation, pollution, industry, eutrophication
Carbon: combustion of fossil fuels, farming,
Nitrogen: fertilizers, combustion
What is the difference between immigration and emigration?
Immigration = moving into a new population
Emigration = leaving a population
List one primary succession pioneer species and one secondary.
primary= lichens/mosses
secondary = weeds/grasses
How does predation differ from parisitism?
Predation = one kills/eats another for food
parasitism = symbiotic relationship in which one benefits and one is harmed, and parasite does not kill the other
List the six levels of ecological organization, starting with the word for an individual and ending with the word for earth.
organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere
Within the carbon cycle, there are two metabolic processes (smaller cycles) occuring. What are they?
Photosynthesis and respiration.
Why don't most natural populations follow exponential growth patterns?
They hit the carrying capacity of their environment, and so the population levels off
When is a climax community reached?
At the end of succession/ when species composition isn't changing/ when the ecosystem is mature and stable
Name the three types of symbiosis
mutualism, parasitism, commensalism
Plankton, their predators, and the water, sunlight, and the nutrients they rely on are considered a (n) :
Ecosystem (biotic + abiotic factors)
In what ways do animals contribute to the nitrogen in the soil?
excretion of waste
dying
What type of survivorship curve would bacteria exhibit?
III
What is the first step of primary succession?
Formation of soil or incoming of pioneer species
If two species occupy the same niche, what happens usually?
competition/one finds a new niche to occupy
List four of the 6 characteristics that an organism must have in order to be considered a living thing.
reproduction, growth/development, metabolism, response to stimuli, made of at least one cell, has DNA/RNA, as a population can adapt/evolve
Which step of the nitrogen cycle are bacteria NOT involved in?
consumption
Give two examples of density dependent limiting factors and two examples of density independent.
predation, competition, disease
weather changes, pollution, natural disaster
What type of succession occurs after deforestation?
Secondary
It is crucial in parasitic relationships that the parasite not kill the host. Why?
The parasite must allow the host to live long enough for the parasite to survive and spread.