Energy
What is the ultimate/original source of energy for almost all organisms on earth?
the sun
A group of the same species of organism, which lives in the same area, and uses the same resources is called a _________.
Population
This is the term used for organisms that feed exclusively on plants.
Herbivore
grass --> mouse --> snake --> fox --> bear
Who is the tertiary consumer?
A _____ is where an organism lives & the role of the organism.
niche
What do arrows in a food web show?
the direction that energy flows in an ecosystem
Two species of bird are competing over an insect. What do you call a collection of multiple species living together?
a community
Humans, bears, and raccoons are examples of this type of consumer.
Omnivore
Give 3+ examples of limiting factors.
Predators, prey availability, weather, temperature, competition, pH, etc.
Does the amount of energy INCREASE or DECREASE as you go up trophic levels?
decrease
_____ % of energy can be transferred from one trophic level to the next.
10%
Ecosystems include the interaction of both ______ and ______ factors.
This niche of organisms can feed on any dead organisms in an environment.
Decomposers
What are factors that have increased the human population?
medicine, improved water quality, better quality food, etc.
All food chains begin with this type of organism.
Producer/autotroph
What ways is energy lost between trophic levels?
- waste
- body heat
- metabolism
What is the largest level of ecological organization, and encompasses all the places that organism exist on planet earth?
Biosphere
When starfish are present in an ecosystem, the total number of species in that ecosystem is greater than when they are not present. For this reason, starfish are an example a _________ species.
Keystone
Define carrying capacity.
The highest number of organisms an ecosystem can stably support
_________ is a measure of the variety of species living in an ecosystem.
Biodiversity
What direction do energy & nutrients move through an ecosystem?
Energy only flows in one direction through an ecosystem (from producer to top predator), while matter can be continuously recycled through the ecosystem.
Food web - interconnected food/energy relationships of all organisms in an ecosystem
Food chain - 1 direction consumption order
Food web - interconnected food/energy relationships of all organisms in an ecosystem
Food chain - 1 direction consumption order
Provide an example of mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism.
mutualism - both organisms benefit
parasitism - one organism benefits, the other is harmed
commensalism - one organism benefits, the other is unaffected
What are the differences between logistical & exponential population growth?
Exponential growth - continually increasing rate of population growth, relies on unlimited resources, not realistic
Logistical growth - increasing population growth until the population carrying capacity is reached
Producers