Population Growth & Regulation
Which of the following does NOT represent a population?
A. all the robins in Austin, TX
B. all the grass frogs in the pond of Central Park in New York City
C. all the birds in Chicago, Illinois
D. all the elk in Yosemite National Park
C. all the birds in Chicago, Illinois
Which of the following is an example of density-dependent environmental resistance?
A. competition
B. hurricanes
C. weather
D. forest fires
A. competition
The "living" factors of an ecosystem are referred to as:
A. biotic factors
B. abiotic factors
A. biotic factors
Major ecosystems that occur over wide areas of land are called:
A. communities
B. habitats
C. biomes
D. food chains
C. biomes
Photosynthesis occurs in what zone of the ocean?
A. photic zone (200 meters deep)
B. apothic zone (>200 meters deep)
A. photic zone
Populations of organisms increase due to which of the following factors?
A. birth
B. emigration
C. environmental resistance
D. death
A. birth
Which of the following is a density-independent regulatory factor?
A. food
B. water
C. severe weather (drought)
D. number of nesting sites
C. severe weather (drought)
The primary producers in a grassland ecosystem would most likely be:
A. insects
B. bacteria
C. grasses
D. algae
C. grasses
Which of the following biomes is characterized by evergreen trees that are adapted to long winters, short summers, and nutrient-poor soil?
A. taiga
B. tropical forest
C. temperate forest
D. tundra
A. taiga
Plankton are:
A. attached to the ocean bottom.
B. found only in the deep-water zone of the most lakes and oceans.
C. consumed by many aquatic animals
D. the top predators in many ecosystems
C. consumed by many aquatic animals
Trees growing along the banks of a river but not growing in the surrounding area would best be described as a ____ dispersion of the trees.
A. clumped
B. uniform
C. random
D. mixture of clumped, uniform, & random
A. clumped
Parasitism, mutualism, commensalism, predation, competition, mimicry are all examples of what?
Community interactions
Parasitism ("+" "-")
Mutualism ("+" "+")
Commensalism ("+" "0")
Predation - lion eating a zebra
Competition - cow eats grass, sheep eats grass
Mimicry - prey and predator adaptations
Decomposers, primary consumers, and secondary consumers are considered:
A. Autotrophs
B. Heterotrophs
B. Heterotrophs - they need to consume other organisms for their energy source
(Autotrophs - they make their own food: producers, bottom of food chain)
Which of these terrestrial biomes is the driest?
A. grassland
B. chaparral
C. taiga
D. desert
D. desert
The greatest diversity and abundance of life in the ocean is found in:
A. the neritic zone
B. the pelagic zone
C the oceanic zone
D. the intertidal zone
A. neritic zone (very nutrient-rich, "rainforest" of the ocean)
A population of organisms grows:
A. with no natural restrictions except the availability of food.
B. when the birth rate exceeds the death rate.
C. only in the absence of predators or natural diseases.
D. All of the above.
B. when the birth rate exceeds the death rate
Competitive exclusion occurs when:
A. a species is eliminated from a community because of competition
B. new species enter an ecosystem because one of the original species died off.
C. species reproduce in increasing numbers because more food is available.
D. all of the above
A. a species is eliminated from a community because of competition.
In a food web, which type of organism receives energy from every other type?
A. producer
B. carnivore
C. decomposer
D. all of the above
C. decomposer
In what terrestrial biome would you expect the climate to allow the most biological productivity (species richness)?
A. grassland
B. tropical rain forest
C. taiga
D. tundra
B. tropical rainforest
Which best describes the zone and major characteristics:
A. Benthic zone: ocean bottom
B. Intertidal zone: high tide and low tide
C. Aphotic zone: <200 meters deep
D. Both A & B
D. Both A & B
Refer to the illustration Population Growth Over Time - Growth period 1-2 is:
A. logistic
B. exponential
C. both A & B
D. none of these
B. exponential (J-shaped)
Succession is:
A. an organism's ability to survive in its environment.
B. the number of species living in an ecosystem.
C. the gradual, sequential replacement of species in an environment over time.
D. the transfer of energy through a food chain.
C. the gradual, sequential replacement of species in an environment over time.
In going from one trophic level to the next higher level,
A. the number of organisms increases.
B. the amount of usable energy increases.
C. the amount of usable energy decreases.
D. none of the above
C. the amount of usable energy decreases
The biome that makes up most of the central part of the continental United States is:
A. temperate forest
B. temperate grassland
C. chaparral
D. savanna
B. temperate grassland
Eutrophic and oligotrophic lakes differ primarily in the amount of ____ they contain.
A. animal life
B. rocks
C. salt
D. organic matter
D. organic matter (Eutrophic ponds and lakes are nutrient-rich, murky; oligotrophic ponds and lakes are nutrient-poor, clear)