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They are the living components in an environment
Biotic Factors
When an area previously devoid of life is colonized by a community of organisms. It occurs on bare rocks surfaces where no soil exists.
Primary Succession
They are the non-living components in an environment.
abiotic factors
Each step in a food chain is called
Trophic level
Organisms that produce their own food by synthesizing organic compounds from inorganic materials typically through photosynthesis
Primary Producers
Carbon and oxygen cycles are involved in two main biological processes which are
Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
A group of organisms of the same species living together
Population
It is often upright pyramid, but can also be inverted.
Pyramid of Numbers
The highest and most complex level of organization
Biosphere
It is an interaction in which one organism (the predator) consumes all or part of the of the body of another organism (the prey).
Predation
Are animals that consume dead animals but does not typically kill them itself
Scavengers
It is the range of external conditions within which a species can survive and reproduce
Tolerance
It is the functional role played by an organism in an ecosystem
Niche
A relationship in which one organism benefits from another, while the other organism is neither harmed nor benefited
Commensalism
They break down dead organisms and organic waste externally by secreting digestive enzymes
Decomposer
A wetland that forms where a river meets the sea
Estuary
A process in which certain types of bacteria can convert nitrogen gas into more usable form for living organisms (ammonia)
Nitrogen Fixation
Parasites live inside the host’s body often in tissues or organs and absorb nutrients.
Endoparasitism
The dark zone, where photosynthesis cannot occur, (light does not reach this zone)
Aphotic Zone
Example of Density dependent factors
Predation, Disease, Competition, & Parasites
The percentage of energy that is transferred from one trophic level to another
10%
It is a change in which a population transitions from having both high birth & death rates, to having both low birth & death rates.
Demographic Transition
self-sustaining & stable community of organisms (minimal change in the number of species) at the end of succession.
Climax Community
The most diverse terrestrial biome. Warm, moist climate year-round.
Tropical rainforest
It is a narrow strip where the ocean meets the land, and water levels change continuously with the tides.
Intertidal Zone