Community ecology
The name of the relationship where both species benefit
What is mutualism?
In this food chain: grass -> mouse -> snake -> hawk, snake are this
What is secondary consumer?
The main way that we are changing the carbon cycle
What is burning fossil fuels?
These are the two metrics for biodiversity
What are species richness and species evenness?
This type of succession starts with bare soil
What is secondary succession?
The type of organism whose removal will cause ecosystem collapse
Keystone species
Energy loss through trophic levels is defined by this law of thermodynamics
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
This part of the hydrologic cycle that converts liquid water into water vapor
What is evaporation or transpiration?
The name for a trait that improves biological fitness in the environment is known as this
What is an adaptation?
If an ecosystem is able to come back quickly after a disturbance, it has high _________________
What is resilience?
What is the prey?
The percentage of energy, on average, that is transferred from one trophic level to the next
What is 10%
This cycle does not have an atmospheric component
What is the phosphorous cycle?
Of these two, the island that will have the lower biodiversity: large island closer to the mainland, small island far from the mainland
What is the small island far from the mainland?
The two determiners of what biome will exist
What are temperature and precipitation?
Two species being unable to occupy the same ecological niche is defined by this term
What is competitive exclusion principle?
If an ecosystem has a net primary productivity of 1000 kcal / m2 / year and a respiration rate of 200 kcal / m2 / year, this is the gross primary productivity
What is 1200 kcal/m2/year?
This is done by bacteria in the nitrogen cycle and is an important process for plants
What is nitrogen fixation?
Marshes often help to buffer a storm surge, which is in this category of ecosystem services
What is a regulating service?
This level of disturbance will create the highest biodiversity within an ecosystem (low, medium, high).
What is a moderate (medium) amount of disturbance?
When in competition with the Balanus barnacle species, Chthalamus can only live in the high tide region rather than in low tide. This range is its _____________ niche
What is realized niche?
The food chain grass -> mouse -> snake -> owl has the following energy amounts at the trophic levels: 1200 kcal -> 300 kcal -> 80 kcal -> 10 kcal. This is the trophic level transfer efficiency from mouse to snake
What is 26.67%
Which two biological processes either remove carbon from the atmosphere or add carbon to the atmosphere?
What are photosynthesis and respiration?
This act inhibited interstate commerce of illegally harvested species
What is the Lacey Act?
This type of biome has a high relative temperature, lower relative precipitation and is characterized by a wet and dry season?
What is a tropical grassland or savannah?