Changes in allele frequencies
A process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next
What is Genetic drift?
A process in which traits that enhance survival or reproduction tend to increase in frequency over time, resulting in a better match between organisms and their environment
What is Adaptive evolution
Definition of a species as a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring
What is the Biological Species Concept
A derived feature
What is Apomorphy
Blank & Blank independently hypothesized that Earth’s early atmosphere was reducing (electron-adding)
Who are Aleksandr Oparin and J.B.S. Haldane
The transfer of alleles from one population to another, resulting from the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes
What is Gene flow?
The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation, relative to the contributions of other individuals in the population
What is Relative fitness
examples of this are: Habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation, and gametic isolation
What are Prezygotic barriers
A species or group of species from an evolutionary lineage that is known to have diverged before the lineage that contains the group of species being studied
What is the Outgroup taxa
Blank and blank tested the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis in a lab setting
Who are Stanley Miller and Harold Urey
Genetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced, as by a natural disaster or human actions. Typically, the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population
What is the Bottleneck effect
Natural selection in which individuals at one end of the phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than do other individuals
What is Directional selection
examples of this are: Reduced hybrid viability, reduced hybrid fertility, and hybrid breakdown
What are Postzygotic barriers
Shared derived character that provides grouping information
What is Synapomorphy
He recently built a vesicle that could copy RN
Who is Jack Szostak
Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and form a new population whose gene pool composition is not reflective of that of the original population
What is the Founder effect
Natural selection in which intermediate phenotypes survive or reproduce more successfully than do extreme phenotypes
What is Stabilizing selection
Definition of a species in terms of measurable anatomical criteria
What is the Morphological Species Concept
Derived character that does not provide grouping information. Present in only one of the terminal taxa included in an analysis
What is Autapomorphy
The principle that when considering multiple explanations for an observation, one should first investigate the simplest explanation that is consistent with the facts
What is Maximum Parsimony or Occam’s razor
What 3 mechanism can cause the evolution of populations?
What is gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection
Natural selection in which individuals on both extremes of a phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than do individuals with intermediate phenotypes
What is Disruptive selection
Definition of a species in terms of ecological niche, the sum of how members of the species interact with the nonliving and living parts of their environment
What is the Ecological Species Concept (ESC
An ancestral feature that does not provide grouping information
What is Plesiomorphy
Father of modern taxonomy
Who is Carl Linnaeus