Vocabulary
List 2 biotic and 2 abiotic factors.
Abiotic: water and sunlight
The arrows in a food web show the direction of ____.
energy flow
Which organelle is the primary site of photosynthesis in plant cells?
a. Mitochondria
b. Chloroplast
c. Nucleus
d. Ribosome
b. Chloroplast
Which type of population growth occurs when resources are unlimited?
a. Logistic growth
b. Exponential growth
c. Linear growth
d. Negative growth
b. Exponential growth
The term "limiting factor" in ecology refers to:
a. A resource that restricts population growth
b. The size of an ecosystem
c. The number of species in an area
d. The amount of rainfall in a region
a. A resource that restricts population growth
In a food web, primary consumers are also known as:
herbivores
A plant is grown in an environment where the only available CO₂ contains radioactively labeled carbon atoms. After several weeks, where would you expect to find these labeled carbon atoms?
a. Only in the plant's leaves
b. Only in the roots
c. In glucose molecules and other organic compounds throughout the plant
d. Only in the stem
c. In glucose molecules and other organic compounds throughout the plant
What are 2 anthropogenic disruptions to the carbon cycle?
burning fossil fuels, deforestation
The S-shaped curve that shows population growth leveling off is called:
a. Exponential curve
b. Linear curve
c. Logistic curve
d. Death curve
c. Logistic curve
What does ecosystem resilience mean?
An ecosystem's ability to recover from disturbance
What is the primary energy source for most food webs on Earth?
a. Wind
b. Sunlight
c. Water
d. Soil minerals
b. Sunlight
Write the formulas for photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis: sun + CO2 + water = glucose + O2
Cellular Respiration: glucose + O2 = CO2 + ATP + water
When dead organisms are buried under high pressure and temperature for millions of years, they can form:
a. Oxygen and water
b. Diamonds and graphite
c. Pure carbon dioxide
d. Fossil fuels like coal and oil
d. Fossil fuels like coal and oil
Examine the following scenario: A population of deer is introduced to an island with abundant resources. After several years, the population begins to level off. What factor is MOST likely responsible for this change in growth pattern?
a. Predation from newly introduced species
b. Competition for limited resources
c. Changes in weather patterns
d. Increased birth rates
b. Competition for limited resources
List 2 density independent factors and 2 density dependent factors.
Density Independent: wildfires and floods
Density Dependent: food availability and spread of disease
Explain why food chains rarely have more than 4-5 trophic levels.
Not enough energy remains to support additional levels
A student observes that plants near a factory are smaller than those of the same species growing in a park. What series of investigations would best help determine if air pollution from the factory is affecting photosynthesis rates?
a. Measure only the height of plants at different distances from the factory
b. Compare chlorophyll levels and growth rates of plants at varying distances from the factory
c. Count the number of leaves on plants in both locations
d. Test only the soil pH in both locations
B. Compare chlorophyll levels and growth rates of plants at varying distances from the factory
Analyze this scenario: A coastal ecosystem includes a marsh, forest, and marine environment. Explain how a severe drought would affect carbon cycling among these three components. Consider both short-term and long-term impacts.
a. Only the forest would be affected through decreased photosynthesis
b. The marsh would dry up but other areas would be unaffected
c. Multiple disruptions would occur including decreased photosynthesis, increased decomposition, and altered marine carbon absorption
d. Carbon cycling would increase in all areas
c. Multiple disruptions would occur including decreased photosynthesis, increased decomposition, and altered marine carbon absorption
Compare two populations: one showing exponential growth and one showing logistic growth. After 6 months, which statement would be true?
a. Both populations would have the same size
b. The exponential growth population would continue increasing while the logistic growth population would level off
c. Both populations would stop growing
d. The logistic growth population would be larger
b. The exponential growth population would continue increasing while the logistic growth population would level off
Describe the difference between primary and secondary succession.
Primary succession starts having no soil as the rocks break down to create it. Secondary succession was once an ecosystem that was disrupted and is regrowing.
3. Analyze how introducing a new apex predator might affect the biomass distribution across trophic levels in an ecosystem.
a. Only prey population would change
b. No change would occur in any trophic level
c. Changes would cascade through multiple trophic levels, affecting biomass distribution
d. Only producer biomass would increase
c. Changes would cascade through multiple trophic levels, affecting biomass distribution
How do cellular respiration and photosynthesis connect with each other?
The products of photosynthesis is the reactants in cellular respiration.
8. Evaluate how increasing global temperatures might affect carbon storage in arctic regions. What would be the subsequent impact on atmospheric carbon levels?
a. No effect on carbon storage or atmospheric levels
b. Decreased carbon storage in the arctic leading to higher atmospheric carbon dioxide
c. Increased carbon storage in permafrost
d. Only seasonal changes in carbon storage
b. Decreased carbon storage in the arctic leading to higher atmospheric carbon dioxide
A population of rabbits lives in a field with limited food supply. As the population approaches carrying capacity, what would you expect to observe?
a. Increased birth rates
b. Decreased death rates
c. Slower population growth rate
d. Faster population growth rate
c. Slower population growth rate